{"id":94118,"date":"2018-01-15T22:50:41","date_gmt":"2018-01-16T00:50:41","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/clubes.obmep.org.br\/blog\/?page_id=94118"},"modified":"2023-04-14T22:35:26","modified_gmt":"2023-04-15T01:35:26","slug":"problema-para-ajudar-na-escola-um-passeio-numerico","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/clubes.obmep.org.br\/blog\/problema-para-ajudar-na-escola-um-passeio-numerico\/","title":{"rendered":".Desafio: Um passeio num\u00e9rico"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"margin:10px\">\n<div class=\"g1n\" style=\"line-height:30px;\">\n<p class=\"tit\" style=\"line-height:25px;margin:10px\">Problema<br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size:12px;color:#800000\"> (Indicado a partir do 7\u00ba ano do E. F.)<\/span><\/p>\n<hr style=\"height:1px; width:100%;background-color:#800000; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 20px;border: 0 none\"\/>\n(<strong>XXI OPM, 2003<\/strong>  \u2013 adaptado) Dois algarismos  [tex]\\square[\/tex] e [tex]\\triangle[\/tex] sa\u00edram para passear.<br \/>\nAndando  sempre a uma velocidade constante, <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> \u00e0s [tex]14[\/tex] horas eles j\u00e1 tinham percorrido  [tex]\\square \\triangle[\/tex] metros;<\/li>\n<li> \u00e0s  [tex]14[\/tex] horas e [tex]42[\/tex] minutos, tinham percorrido  [tex]\\triangle \\square[\/tex] metros; <\/li>\n<li> e, \u00e0s [tex]15[\/tex] horas,  [tex]\\square 0 \\triangle[\/tex] metros.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Sabendo-se que no n\u00famero  [tex]\\square 0 \\triangle[\/tex] o algarismo das dezenas  \u00e9 zero, mas o das centenas n\u00e3o, a que horas come\u00e7ou o passeio?\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p style=\"margin:40px\">\n<div class=\"cb36 g1n\" style=\"margin:30px;line-height:30px; width:70%; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto; \">\n<p class=\"c3 ti3\" style=\"line-height:25px;margin:10px\"> Nota\u00e7\u00e3o<\/p>\n<p>As multiplica\u00e7\u00f5es ser\u00e3o indicadas por [tex] \\, \\cdot \\, [\/tex] e  algarismos justapostos indicar\u00e3o d\u00edgitos de um dado n\u00famero natural.<br \/>\nPor exemplo,<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>[tex]\\square \\triangle[\/tex] indica o n\u00famero cujo algarismo da unidade \u00e9 [tex] \\triangle[\/tex] e o da dezena \u00e9 [tex]\\square.[\/tex] <\/li>\n<li>[tex]\\square \\cdot \\triangle[\/tex] indica o produto entre os algarismos [tex] \\square[\/tex] e [tex]\\triangle.[\/tex] <\/li>\n<li>[tex]10 \\triangle-1\\triangle[\/tex] \u00e9 a diferen\u00e7a entre o n\u00famero de tr\u00eas d\u00edgitos [tex]10 \\triangle[\/tex] e o n\u00famero de dois d\u00edgitos [tex]1\\triangle .[\/tex] Veja:<\/li>\n<p>[tex]\\qquad \\qquad \\begin{array}{c c c c}<br \/>\n1&#038;0 &#038;\\triangle&#038;-\\\\<br \/>\n &#038;1 &#038;\\triangle&#038;\\\\<br \/>\n\\hline<br \/>\n &#038;9 &#038;0&#038;<br \/>\n\\end{array}[\/tex]\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"margin:40px\">\n<div class=\"g1n\" style=\"line-height:30px;\">\n<p class=\"tit\" style=\"line-height:30px;margin:10px\">Solu\u00e7\u00e3o <\/p>\n<hr style=\"height:1px; width:100%;background-color:#800000; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 30px;border: 0 none\"\/>\n<ul>\n<li>Pelas informa\u00e7\u00f5es do problema, observe que [tex]\\,\\square \\triangle \\lt \\triangle \\square \\lt \\square 0 \\triangle \\, .[\/tex]<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/clubes.obmep.org.br\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/prob86_4.png\" style=\"border:none;\" alt=\"\" width=\"652\" height=\"139\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-93059\" srcset=\"https:\/\/clubes.obmep.org.br\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/prob86_4.png 652w, https:\/\/clubes.obmep.org.br\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/prob86_4-300x64.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 652px) 100vw, 652px\" \/><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Perceba tamb\u00e9m que [tex]\\square=1[\/tex]; pois se [tex]\\square \\gt 1[\/tex], ent\u00e3o ter\u00edamos [tex]\\square 0 \\triangle &#8211; \\triangle \\square  \\gt 100 [\/tex] o que n\u00e3o \u00e9 poss\u00edvel j\u00e1 que, como [tex]\\triangle \\square-\\square \\triangle[\/tex] \u00e9 menor do que [tex]100[\/tex], em [tex]18[\/tex] minutos ter-se-ia percorrido uma dist\u00e2ncia maior do que a percorrida em  [tex]42[\/tex] minutos, conforme podemos ver na figura abaixo.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/clubes.obmep.org.br\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/prob86_5.png\" style=\"border:none;\"alt=\"\" width=\"667\" height=\"63\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-93058\" srcset=\"https:\/\/clubes.obmep.org.br\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/prob86_5.png 667w, https:\/\/clubes.obmep.org.br\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/prob86_5-300x28.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 667px) 100vw, 667px\" \/><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Como [tex]\\square=1[\/tex], observe que em uma hora, das 14 \u00e0s 15 horas, foram percorridos<br \/>\n [tex]\\quad (\\triangle 1-1\\triangle)+(10 \\triangle-\\triangle 1)=10 \\triangle-1\\triangle=90[\/tex] metros.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/clubes.obmep.org.br\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/prob86_6.png\" style=\"border:none;\" alt=\"\" width=\"659\" height=\"76\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-93063\" srcset=\"https:\/\/clubes.obmep.org.br\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/prob86_6.png 659w, https:\/\/clubes.obmep.org.br\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/prob86_6-300x35.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 659px) 100vw, 659px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:10px\">\n<p><strong><\/p>\n<ul>Assim, em [tex]42[\/tex] minutos quantos metros foram percorridos?<\/strong><br \/>\nComo a velocidade ao longo do percurso foi constante, uma regrinha de tr\u00eas nos d\u00e1 a resposta dessa pergunta. Observe:<\/ul>\n<table style=\"border: 1px solid #ffffff; width:40%; height:auto;text-align:center;  margin-left: auto; margin-right:auto;\">\n<tr class=\"bf\">\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ffffff; \"> [tex]60 \\, [\/tex] minutos<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ffffff\"> &#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;-<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ffffff\"> [tex]90 \\, [\/tex] metros<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"bf\">\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ffffff\"> [tex]42 \\, [\/tex] minutos<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ffffff\"> &#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;-<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ffffff\"> [tex]D[\/tex] metros<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Temos, ent\u00e3o, que [tex]D \\times 60=42\\times 90[\/tex];  donde [tex]D =\\dfrac{42\\times 90}{60}[\/tex] ou, ainda, [tex]\\boxed{D =63 \\, m} \\, .[\/tex]<\/ul>\n<p>Observe que  [tex]\\boxed{\\triangle 1=10\\cdot \\triangle +1}[\/tex] e que [tex]\\boxed{1\\triangle= 10+\\triangle} \\, [\/tex]; dessa forma, sendo [tex]\\triangle 1-1\\triangle= 63[\/tex], segue que:<br \/>\n[tex]\\qquad \\triangle 1-1\\triangle= 63[\/tex]<br \/>\n[tex]\\qquad (10\\cdot \\triangle +1)-(10+\\triangle)= 63[\/tex]<br \/>\n[tex]\\qquad (10\\cdot \\triangle-\\triangle)+(1-10)= 63[\/tex]<br \/>\n[tex]\\qquad 9\\cdot \\triangle -9= 63[\/tex]<br \/>\n[tex]\\qquad 9\\cdot (\\triangle -1)= 63[\/tex]<br \/>\n[tex]\\qquad \\triangle -1=\\dfrac{63}{9}[\/tex]<br \/>\n[tex]\\qquad \\triangle -1= 7[\/tex]<br \/>\n[tex]\\qquad \\triangle =8.[\/tex]<br \/>\nPortanto, ficamos com o seguinte esqueminha:<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/clubes.obmep.org.br\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/prob86_7.png\" style=\"border:none;\" alt=\"\" width=\"662\" height=\"72\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-93090\" srcset=\"https:\/\/clubes.obmep.org.br\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/prob86_7.png 662w, https:\/\/clubes.obmep.org.br\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/prob86_7-300x33.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 662px) 100vw, 662px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:10px\">\n<p>Finalmente, estamos prontos para responder \u00e0 pergunta do problema e o esqueminha acima nos ajuda a armar mais uma regra de tr\u00eas simples:<br \/>\n<strong>se em [tex]60[\/tex] minutos foram percorridos [tex]63+27=90[\/tex] metros, ent\u00e3o em quantos minutos foram percorridos [tex]18[\/tex] metros?<\/strong><br \/>\nVejamos:<\/p>\n<table style=\"border: 1px solid #ffffff; width:40%; height:auto;text-align:center;  margin-left: auto; margin-right:auto;\">\n<tr class=\"bf\">\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ffffff; \"> [tex]60 \\, [\/tex] minutos<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ffffff\"> &#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;-<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ffffff\"> [tex]90 \\, [\/tex] metros<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"bf\">\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ffffff\"> [tex]N[\/tex] minutos<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ffffff\"> &#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;-<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ffffff\"> [tex]18[\/tex] metros<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<p>Note que [tex]18 \\times 60=N\\times 90[\/tex], logo [tex]N =\\dfrac{18\\times 60}{90}=12[\/tex] minutos.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:10px\">\n<p>Consequentemente, o passeio teve in\u00edcio \u00e0s [tex]\\fcolorbox{black}{#eee0e5}{$ \\text{13 horas e 48 minutos}$} \\, .[\/tex]<\/p>\n<hr style=\"height:1px; width:100%;background-color:#800000; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 15px;border: 0 none\"\/>\n<p class=\"g2\" style=\"line-height:20px;\">Solu\u00e7\u00e3o elaborada pelos <strong>Moderadores do Blog<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Problema (Indicado a partir do 7\u00ba ano do E. F.) (XXI OPM, 2003 \u2013 adaptado) Dois algarismos [tex]\\square[\/tex] e [tex]\\triangle[\/tex] sa\u00edram para passear. Andando sempre a uma velocidade constante, \u00e0s [tex]14[\/tex] horas eles j\u00e1 tinham percorrido [tex]\\square \\triangle[\/tex] metros; \u00e0s [tex]14[\/tex] horas e [tex]42[\/tex] minutos, tinham percorrido [tex]\\triangle \\square[\/tex] metros; e, \u00e0s [tex]15[\/tex] horas, [tex]\\square &hellip; <\/p>\n<p><a class=\"more-link btn\" href=\"https:\/\/clubes.obmep.org.br\/blog\/problema-para-ajudar-na-escola-um-passeio-numerico\/\">Continue lendo<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"template-onecolumn.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-94118","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","nodate","item-wrap"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/clubes.obmep.org.br\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/94118","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/clubes.obmep.org.br\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/clubes.obmep.org.br\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/clubes.obmep.org.br\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/clubes.obmep.org.br\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=94118"}],"version-history":[{"count":15,"href":"https:\/\/clubes.obmep.org.br\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/94118\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":187016,"href":"https:\/\/clubes.obmep.org.br\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/94118\/revisions\/187016"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/clubes.obmep.org.br\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=94118"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}