{"id":8883,"date":"2013-08-31T23:35:37","date_gmt":"2013-09-01T02:35:37","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/clubes.obmep.org.br\/blog\/?page_id=8883"},"modified":"2023-01-03T02:09:14","modified_gmt":"2023-01-03T05:09:14","slug":"desafio-equacao","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/clubes.obmep.org.br\/blog\/desafio-equacao\/","title":{"rendered":".Desafio: Uma equa\u00e7\u00e3o"},"content":{"rendered":"<div style=\"border: 3px solid #800000; padding: 8px;\">\n<p class=\"tit\" style=\"line-height:25px;margin:10px\"><strong>Problema<br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size:12px;color:#800000\"> (Indicado a partir do 9\u00ba ano do E. F.)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<hr style=\"height:1px; width:100%;background-color:#800000; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 20px;border: 0 none\"\/>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;font-family: verdana; color: #616161; line-height: 20px;\"> Resolva a equa\u00e7\u00e3o [tex]x^2+\\dfrac{x^2}{(x+1)^2}=3[\/tex], sabendo que [tex]x \\in \\mathbb{R}[\/tex].<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left:80px; padding-right:40px\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/clubes.obmep.org.br\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/01\/menino.jpg\"  style=\"border: 0px;\" alt=\"explicador_p\" width=\"100\" height=\"200\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-1001\" \/><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: verdana; color: #616161;\"> <strong><br \/>\nAten\u00e7\u00e3o:<\/strong><br \/>\nA linguagem e as ferramentas de divisibilidade n\u00e3o s\u00e3o adequadas para este problema, uma vez que a equa\u00e7\u00e3o deve ser resolvida no conjunto dos n\u00fameros reais e n\u00e3o no conjunto dos n\u00fameros inteiros.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div style=\"border: 3px  solid  #800000; padding: 15px;text-align: justify; font-family: verdana; color: #616161; line-height: 28px;\">\n<p class=\"tit\" style=\"line-height:25px;margin:10px\"><strong>Solu\u00e7\u00e3o 1<\/strong><\/p>\n<hr style=\"height:1px; width:100%;background-color:#800000; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 20px;border: 0 none\"\/>\nObserve que, de [tex]x^2+\\dfrac{x^2}{(x+1)^2}=3[\/tex], segue que:<br \/>\n&nbsp;<br \/>\n[tex]\\qquad x^2\\left(1+\\dfrac{1}{(x+1)^2}\\right)=3[\/tex]<br \/>\n&nbsp;<br \/>\n[tex]\\qquad  x^2\\left(\\dfrac{x^2+2x+2}{(x+1)^2}\\right)=3[\/tex]<br \/>\n&nbsp;<br \/>\n[tex]\\qquad \\dfrac{x^4+x^2(x+1)\\cdot2}{(x+1)(x+1)}=3[\/tex]<br \/>\n&nbsp;<br \/>\n[tex]\\qquad x^4+2x^2(x+1)=3(x+1)(x+1)=3(x+1)^2[\/tex]. <span style=\"color: #FF0000;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(I)<\/span><br \/>\n&nbsp;<br \/>\nPor outro lado,<br \/>\n&nbsp;<br \/>\n[tex]x^4+2x^2(x+1)+ (x+1)^2=x^4+2x^3+3x^2+2x+1=(x^2+x+1)^2[\/tex]. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style=\"color: #FF0000;\">(II)<\/span><br \/>\n&nbsp;<br \/>\nAssim, por <span style=\"color: #FF0000;\">(I)<\/span> e por <span style=\"color: #FF0000;\">(II)<\/span> segue que:<br \/>\n&nbsp;<br \/>\n[tex]\\quad (x^2+x+1)^2\\stackrel{ \\textcolor{#FF0000}{\\small{(II)}}}{=} x^4+2x^2(x+1)+ (x+1)^2=\\left[ x^4+2x^2(x+1) \\right]+ (x+1)^2\\stackrel{ \\textcolor{#FF0000}{\\small{(I)}}}{=} \\\\<br \/>\n\\quad \\stackrel{ \\textcolor{#FF0000}{\\small{(I)}}}{=} \\left[3(x+1)^2 \\right]+(x+1)^2=4(x+1)^2\\,.[\/tex]<br \/>\n&nbsp;<br \/>\nLogo, [tex](x^2+x+1)^2=4(x+1)^2[\/tex], donde [tex]\\sqrt{(x^2+x+1)^2}=\\sqrt{4(x+1)^2}[\/tex], ou ainda,  [tex]\\left|(x^2+x+1)\\right|=\\left|2(x+1)\\right|[\/tex] <span style=\"color: #FF0000;\">(*)<\/span><br \/>\n&nbsp;<br \/>\nDe [tex]\\left|(x^2+x+1)\\right|=\\left|2(x+1)\\right|[\/tex], segue que [tex]x^2+x+1=\\pm2(x+1)[\/tex], ou seja, temos:<br \/>\n  [tex]\\qquad \\qquad \\boxed{x^2+x+1=2(x+1)}\\;[\/tex] ou  [tex]\\;\\boxed{x^2+x+1=-2(x+1)}\\;.[\/tex]<br \/>\n&nbsp;<br \/>\nPelo at\u00e9 aqui exposto, os valores procurados para o n\u00famero real [tex]x[\/tex] satisfazem a equa\u00e7\u00e3o [tex]x^2+x+1=2(x+1)[\/tex] ou a equa\u00e7\u00e3o [tex]x^2+x+1=-2(x+1)[\/tex]. Mas essas equa\u00e7\u00f5es s\u00e3o, respectivamente, equivalentes a [tex]x^2-x-1=0~[\/tex] e [tex]~x^2+3x+3=0[\/tex]; assim, vamos calcular <strong>as ra\u00edzes reais<\/strong> dessas duas equa\u00e7\u00f5es do segundo grau!<br \/>\n Observe que:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>as ra\u00edzes da equa\u00e7\u00e3o [tex]x^2-x-1=0~[\/tex] s\u00e3o:<br \/>\n[tex]\\quad \\quad x=\\dfrac{1\\pm\\sqrt{1+4}}{2}=\\dfrac{1\\pm\\sqrt{5}}{2}[\/tex];<\/li>\n<li> as ra\u00edzes da equa\u00e7\u00e3o [tex]~x^2+3x+3=0[\/tex] s\u00e3o:<br \/>\n[tex]\\quad \\quad x=\\dfrac{-3\\pm\\sqrt{9-12}}{2}=\\dfrac{-3\\pm\\sqrt{-3}}{2}[\/tex];<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>no entanto, [tex]\\sqrt{-3\\,}[\/tex] n\u00e3o \u00e9 um n\u00famero real.<br \/>\nPortanto, as solu\u00e7\u00f5es para o problema proposto s\u00e3o:<br \/>\n[tex]\\qquad\\qquad  \\boxed{{\\dfrac{1}{2}+\\dfrac{\\sqrt{5}}{2}}_~}\\quad[\/tex] e  [tex]\\quad \\boxed{{\\dfrac{1}{2}-\\dfrac{\\sqrt{5}}{2}}_~}.[\/tex]<br \/>\n&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left:50px\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/clubes.obmep.org.br\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/01\/menino.jpg\"  style=\"border: 0px;\" alt=\"explicador_p\" width=\"100\" height=\"200\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-1001\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #FF0000;\"><strong>(*)<\/strong><\/span><span style=\"font-family: verdana; color: #616161;\"> <strong>ATEN\u00c7\u00c3O:<\/strong> [tex]\\sqrt{a^2}=|a|[\/tex], pois, por defini\u00e7\u00e3o, a raiz quadrada real de um n\u00famero n\u00e3o negativo \u00e9 tamb\u00e9m um n\u00famero n\u00e3o negativo.<br \/>\nAssim:<br \/>\n[tex]\\sqrt{4\\, }=\\sqrt{2^2\\,}=|2|=2[\/tex] (e n\u00e3o [tex]\\pm2[\/tex]);<br \/>\n&nbsp;<br \/>\n[tex]\\sqrt{(-2)^2\\,}=|-2|=2[\/tex].<br \/>\nVoltaremos a falar sobre esse assunto&#8230;.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<hr style=\"height:1px; width:100%;background-color:#800000; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 15px;border: 0 none\"\/>\n<p class=\"g2\" style=\"line-height:20px;\">Solu\u00e7\u00e3o elaborada pelos <strong>  Moderadores do Blog<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div style=\"border: 3px  solid  #800000; padding: 15px;text-align: justify; font-family: verdana; color: #616161; line-height: 28px;\">\n<p class=\"tit\" style=\"line-height:25px;margin:10px\"><strong>Solu\u00e7\u00e3o 2<\/strong><\/p>\n<hr style=\"height:1px; width:100%;background-color:#800000; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 20px;border: 0 none\"\/>\nSabemos que<br \/>\n[tex]\\quad a^2+b^2=(a-b)^2+2ab.[\/tex]<br \/>\nDeste modo, podemos reescrever a equa\u00e7\u00e3o original da seguinte forma:<br \/>\n[tex]\\quad x^2+\\dfrac{x^2}{(x+1)^2}=3\\\\<br \/>\n\\quad \\left(x-\\dfrac{x}{x+1}\\right)^2+2\\cdot x\\cdot \\dfrac{x}{x+1}=3 \\\\<br \/>\n\\quad \\left(\\dfrac{x^2+x-x}{x+1}\\right)^2+2\\cdot \\dfrac{x^2}{x+1}=3 \\\\<br \/>\n\\quad \\left(\\dfrac{x^2}{x+1}\\right)^2+2\\cdot \\dfrac{x^2}{x+1}=3.[\/tex]<br \/>\n&nbsp;<br \/>\nFa\u00e7amos, agora, [tex]\\dfrac{x^2}{x+1}=k[\/tex] e obteremos a equa\u00e7\u00e3o [tex]~k^2+2k-3=0[\/tex].<br \/>\nResolvida essa equa\u00e7\u00e3o, temos que [tex]k=-3[\/tex] ou [tex]k=1[\/tex] e, ent\u00e3o, devemos analisar dois casos:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> Se [tex]k=-3[\/tex], ent\u00e3o [tex] \\dfrac{x^2}{x+1}=-3[\/tex] e j\u00e1 sabemos, pela resolu\u00e7\u00e3o anterior, que essa equa\u00e7\u00e3o n\u00e3o tem ra\u00edzes reais.<\/li>\n<li> Se [tex]k=1[\/tex], ent\u00e3o [tex] \\dfrac{x^2}{x+1}=1[\/tex] e tamb\u00e9m sabemos, pela resolu\u00e7\u00e3o anterior, que essa equa\u00e7\u00e3o tem duas ra\u00edzes reais distintas: [tex] x=\\dfrac{1\\pm\\sqrt{5}~}{2}.[\/tex]<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr style=\"height:1px; width:100%;background-color:#800000; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 15px;border: 0 none\"\/>\n<p class=\"g2\" style=\"line-height:20px;\">Solu\u00e7\u00e3o elaborada pelos <strong> Moderadores do Blog<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div style=\"border: 1px solid #616161; padding: 8px;text-align: justify;font-family: verdana; color: #616161;\"> Participaram da discuss\u00e3o do problema os seguintes Clubes: <strong> Conhecimento;<span style=\" color: #8B8682;\"> Cromossomos Matem\u00e1ticos<\/span>; Os Pitag\u00f3ricos. <\/strong><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Problema (Indicado a partir do 9\u00ba ano do E. F.) Resolva a equa\u00e7\u00e3o [tex]x^2+\\dfrac{x^2}{(x+1)^2}=3[\/tex], sabendo que [tex]x \\in \\mathbb{R}[\/tex]. Aten\u00e7\u00e3o: A linguagem e as ferramentas de divisibilidade n\u00e3o s\u00e3o adequadas para este problema, uma vez que a equa\u00e7\u00e3o deve ser resolvida no conjunto dos n\u00fameros reais e n\u00e3o no conjunto dos n\u00fameros inteiros. &nbsp; &nbsp; &hellip; <\/p>\n<p><a class=\"more-link btn\" href=\"https:\/\/clubes.obmep.org.br\/blog\/desafio-equacao\/\">Continue lendo<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"template-onecolumn.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-8883","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","nodate","item-wrap"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/clubes.obmep.org.br\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8883","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/clubes.obmep.org.br\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/clubes.obmep.org.br\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/clubes.obmep.org.br\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/clubes.obmep.org.br\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8883"}],"version-history":[{"count":102,"href":"https:\/\/clubes.obmep.org.br\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8883\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":182681,"href":"https:\/\/clubes.obmep.org.br\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8883\/revisions\/182681"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/clubes.obmep.org.br\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8883"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}