{"id":67077,"date":"2016-09-24T19:21:40","date_gmt":"2016-09-24T22:21:40","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/clubes.obmep.org.br\/blog\/?page_id=67077"},"modified":"2024-01-15T04:27:26","modified_gmt":"2024-01-15T07:27:26","slug":"malabarismos-aritmeticos-e-algebricos-sala-3","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/clubes.obmep.org.br\/blog\/malabarismos-aritmeticos-e-algebricos-sala-3\/","title":{"rendered":"Malabarismos aritm\u00e9ticos e alg\u00e9bricos &#8211; Sala 3"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"margin:30px;\">\n<div class=\"gr1 cbch4\">\n<p class=\"ti1 cch\" style=\"line-height:40px;margin:10px\">Malabarismos aritm\u00e9ticos e alg\u00e9bricos<br \/>\nSala 3<\/p>\n<hr style=\"height:3px; width:100%;background-color:#ae7c73; margin-top: 20px; margin-bottom: 30px;border: 0 none\"\/>\n<p style=\"margin:50px 55px 10px 55px; line-height: 25px;\">\nNa arte de se resolver problemas de Matem\u00e1tica, \u00e9 necess\u00e1ria uma manipula\u00e7\u00e3o alg\u00e9brica habilidosa para se chegar aos resultados esperados, j\u00e1 que a tradu\u00e7\u00e3o de um problema para a nota\u00e7\u00e3o alg\u00e9brica nem sempre produz express\u00f5es simples de se trabalhar. No entanto, muitos dentre aqueles que se prop\u00f5em a resolver problemas de Matem\u00e1tica encontram uma certa dificuldade no que se refere a manipula\u00e7\u00f5es alg\u00e9bricas.<br \/>\nConforme j\u00e1 comentamos, <em>identidades alg\u00e9bricas<\/em> s\u00e3o ferramentas extremamente \u00fateis em diversos c\u00e1lculos matem\u00e1ticos, j\u00e1 que elas podem ser utilizadas para descomplicar, principalmente, determinadas situa\u00e7\u00f5es de fatora\u00e7\u00e3o e de completamento de quadrados.<br \/>\nNas Salas 1 e 2 j\u00e1 discutimos um pouco sobre o assunto, apresentando erros n\u00e3o raramente cometidos e algumas <em>identidades alg\u00e9bricas<\/em> importantes para quem quer se aventurar no empolgante caminho da resolu\u00e7\u00e3o de problemas. Nesta sala, vamos dar mais um passo na discuss\u00e3o e apresentar alguns problemas. No entanto, \u00e9 sempre bom lembrar que <\/p>\n<p class=\"ti2 \" style=\"line-height:25px;margin:10px\"> apenas a experi\u00eancia com exerc\u00edcios no dia a dia<br \/>\ntrar\u00e1 dom\u00ednio sobre esse e outros assuntos da Matem\u00e1tica!<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:10px 55px 10px 55px; line-height: 25px;\">Por exemplo, algu\u00e9m sem muita experi\u00eancia na utiliza\u00e7\u00e3o de identidades alg\u00e9bricas como ferramenta descomplicadora talvez tivesse dificuldades para garantir que<br \/>\n[tex]\\qquad \\left(\\sqrt{5}+\\sqrt{6}+\\sqrt{7}\\right)\\cdot \\left(\\sqrt{5}+\\sqrt{6}-\\sqrt{7}\\right)\\cdot \\left(\\sqrt{5}-\\sqrt{6}+\\sqrt{7}\\right)\\cdot \\left(-\\sqrt{5}+\\sqrt{6}+\\sqrt{7}\\right)[\/tex]<br \/>\n\u00e9 um n\u00famero natural ou, quem sabe, at\u00e9 duvidasse dessa afirma\u00e7\u00e3o&#8230;<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/clubes.obmep.org.br\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/04\/carinha19.jpg\" style=\"border:none\" alt=\"carinha19\" width=\"90\" height=\"92\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-17463\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:30px;\">\n<hr style=\"height:1px; width:100%;background-color:#ae7c73;  margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; border: 0 none\"\/>\n<hr style=\"height:4px; width:100%;background-color:#ae7c73;  margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; border: 0 none\"\/>\n<hr style=\"height:1px; width:100%;background-color:#ae7c73;  margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;  border: 0 none\"\/>\n<p style=\"margin:70px;\">\n<div class=\"gr1 cbch3\">\n<p class=\"ti1 cch\" style=\"line-height:30px;margin:10px\"> Problemas envolvendo identidades alg\u00e9bricas<\/p>\n<hr style=\"height:2px;background-color:#ae7c73; border: 0 none\"\/>\n<p style=\"margin:40px 50px 20px 40px; line-height: 25px;\">\nApresentaremos alguns problemas resolvidos e outros para voc\u00eas resolverem. Mas, antes relacionamos identidades que poder\u00e3o ser \u00fateis. Algumas delas foram justificadas na Sala 2; as outras voc\u00eas poder\u00e3o tentar justificar, que tal? <\/strong><\/p>\n<div class=\"gr3 cbch1 bgch1\"  style=\"line-height: 30px; padding-left:30px; width:95%;\">\n[tex]ax+ay=a(x+y)[\/tex]<br \/>\n[tex]a^2-b^2=(a+b)(a-b)[\/tex]<br \/>\n[tex]a^2\\pm 2ab+b^2=(a\\pm b)^2[\/tex]<br \/>\n[tex]a^3\\pm 3a^2b+3ab^2\\pm b^3=(a\\pm b)^3[\/tex]<br \/>\n[tex]a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2ac+2bc=(a+b+c)^2[\/tex]<br \/>\n[tex]a^3+b^3+c^3+3(a+b)(a+c)(b+c)=(a+b+c)^3[\/tex]<br \/>\n[tex]x^2+x(a+b)+ab=(x+a)(x+b)[\/tex]<br \/>\n[tex]x^3+(a+b+c)x^2+(ab+ac+bc)x+abc=(x+a)(x+b)(x+c)[\/tex]<br \/>\n[tex](ax+by)^2+(ay-bx)^2=(a^2+b^2)(x^2+y^2)[\/tex]<br \/>\n[tex]a^3\\pm b^3=(a\\pm b)(a^2\\mp ab+b^2)[\/tex]<br \/>\n[tex]a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc=(a+b+c)(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-ac-bc)[\/tex]<br \/>\n[tex]a^n-b^n=(a-b)(a^{n-1}+a^{n-2}b+a^{n-3}b^2+\\dots+ab^{n-2}+b^{n-1})[\/tex], [tex]n[\/tex] natural<br \/>\n[tex]a^n+b^n=(a+b)(a^{n-1}-a^{n-2}b+a^{n-3}b^2-\\dots-ab^{n-2}+b^{n-1})[\/tex], [tex]n[\/tex] \u00edmpar\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"margin:50px;\">\n<hr style=\"height:1px; width:100%;background-color:#ae7c73;  margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;  border: 0 none\"\/>\n<hr style=\"height:4px; width:100%;background-color:#ae7c73;  margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;  border: 0 none\"\/>\n<hr style=\"height:1px; width:100%;background-color:#ae7c73;  margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;  border: 0 none\"\/>\n<p style=\"margin:30px;\">\n<p class=\"ti1 cch\" style=\"line-height:30px;margin:10px\"> Problemas resolvidos<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:40px;\">\n<div class=\"gree cbch1\" style=\"width:99%\">\n<p><strong>Problema 1:<\/strong><br \/>\nDados os n\u00fameros reais [tex]a[\/tex], [tex]b[\/tex] e [tex]c[\/tex] tais que [tex]a+b+c=0[\/tex], mostre que [tex]a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc[\/tex].<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:20px;\">\n<div style=\"text-align: center;\">\n<input  class=\"bo3 cch cbch7\" style=\" margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" value=\"Solu\u00e7\u00e3o 1\" title=\"Clique aqui.\" type=\"button\" onclick=    \"if(this.parentNode.getElementsByTagName('div')[0].style.display != ''){this.parentNode.getElementsByTagName('div')[0].style.display = '';this.value = 'Ocultar';} else{this.parentNode.getElementsByTagName('div')[0].style.display = 'none'; this.value = 'Solu\u00e7\u00e3o 1';}\" \/>    <\/p>\n<div  style=\"display: none;\">\n<div class=\"gr1 cbch7\" style=\"width:90%; line-height: 25px;\">\nInicialmente, isolando [tex]c[\/tex] na express\u00e3o dada, vem [tex]a+b=-c[\/tex]. Elevando ambos os membros ao cubo, obtemos:<br \/>\n[tex]\\qquad (a+b)^3=(-c)^3 \\\\ \\qquad a^3+3a^2b+3ab^2+b^3=-c^3. \\qquad {(I)}[\/tex]<br \/>\nRearranjando os termos da igualdade [tex](I)[\/tex], temos que<br \/>\n[tex]\\qquad a^3+b^3+c^3=-3a^2b-3ab^2 \\\\\\qquad a^3+b^3+c^3=-3ab(a+b).\\qquad {(II)}[\/tex]<br \/>\nUtilizando novamente o fato de que [tex]a+b=-c[\/tex] e substituindo em [tex](II)[\/tex], resulta que:<br \/>\n[tex]\\qquad a^3+b^3+c^3=-3ab(-c)\\\\ \\qquad \\boxed{a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc}.[\/tex]\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"margin:20px;\">\n<div style=\"text-align: center;\">\n<input  class=\"bo3 cch cbch7\" style=\" margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" value=\"Solu\u00e7\u00e3o 2\" title=\"Clique aqui.\" type=\"button\" onclick=    \"if(this.parentNode.getElementsByTagName('div')[0].style.display != ''){this.parentNode.getElementsByTagName('div')[0].style.display = '';this.value = 'Ocultar';} else{this.parentNode.getElementsByTagName('div')[0].style.display = 'none'; this.value = 'Solu\u00e7\u00e3o 2';}\" \/>    <\/p>\n<div  style=\"display: none;\">\n<div class=\"gr1 cbch7\" style=\"width:90%; line-height: 25px;\">\nUtilizando a identidade [tex]a^3+b^3+c^3+3(a+b)(a+c)(b+c)=(a+b+c)^3[\/tex] e a hip\u00f3tese de que [tex]a+b+c=0[\/tex], obtemos que:<br \/>\n[tex]\\qquad a^3+b^3+c^3+3(a+b)(a+c)(b+c)=0^3=0 \\\\ \\qquad  a^3+b^3+c^3+3(-c)(-b)(-a)=0 \\\\ \\qquad  \\boxed{a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc}.[\/tex]\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"margin:20px;\">\n<div style=\"text-align: center;\">\n<input  class=\"bo3 cch cbch7\" style=\" margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" value=\"Solu\u00e7\u00e3o 3\" title=\"Clique aqui.\" type=\"button\" onclick=    \"if(this.parentNode.getElementsByTagName('div')[0].style.display != ''){this.parentNode.getElementsByTagName('div')[0].style.display = '';this.value = 'Ocultar';} else{this.parentNode.getElementsByTagName('div')[0].style.display = 'none'; this.value = 'Solu\u00e7\u00e3o 3';}\" \/>    <\/p>\n<div  style=\"display: none;\">\n<div class=\"gr1 cbch7\" style=\"width:90%; line-height: 25px;\">\nUtilizando a identidade [tex]a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc=(a+b+c)(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-ac-bc)[\/tex] e, mais uma vez, a hip\u00f3tese [tex]a+b+c=0[\/tex], temos:<br \/>\n[tex]\\qquad a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc=0\\cdot (a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-ac-bc)\\\\ \\qquad a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc=0\\\\ \\qquad \\boxed{a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc}.[\/tex]\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"margin:20px;\">\n<div class=\"gree cbch1\" style=\"width:99%;\">\n<p><strong>Problema 2:<\/strong><br \/>\nSejam [tex]a[\/tex], [tex]b[\/tex] e [tex]c[\/tex] n\u00fameros reais tais que [tex]a+b+c=7 \\,  \\, [\/tex] e [tex] \\,  \\, \\dfrac{1}{b+c}+\\dfrac{1}{c+a}+\\dfrac{1}{a+b}=\\dfrac{10}{7}[\/tex].<br \/>\nCalcule [tex] \\, \\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\\dfrac{b}{c+a}+\\dfrac{c}{a+b}[\/tex].<\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: center;\">\n<input  class=\"bo3 cch cbch7\" style=\" margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" value=\"Solu\u00e7\u00e3o\" title=\"Clique aqui.\" type=\"button\" onclick=    \"if(this.parentNode.getElementsByTagName('div')[0].style.display != ''){this.parentNode.getElementsByTagName('div')[0].style.display = '';this.value = 'Ocultar';} else{this.parentNode.getElementsByTagName('div')[0].style.display = 'none'; this.value = 'Solu\u00e7\u00e3o';}\" \/>    <\/p>\n<div  style=\"display: none;\">\n<div class=\"gr1 cbch7\" style=\"width:98%; line-height: 30px;\">\nMultiplicando ambas as igualdades fornecidas, obtemos:<br \/>\n[tex] (a+b+c)\\left(\\dfrac{1}{b+c}+\\dfrac{1}{c+a}+\\dfrac{1}{a+b}\\right)=10.[\/tex]<br \/>\nDa\u00ed, seque que:<br \/>\n[tex] \\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\\dfrac{a}{c+a}+\\dfrac{a}{a+b}+\\dfrac{b}{b+c}+\\dfrac{b}{c+a}+\\dfrac{b}{a+b}+\\\\<br \/>\n\\qquad +\\dfrac{c}{b+c}+\\dfrac{c}{c+a}+\\dfrac{c}{a+b}=10 [\/tex]<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:10px;\">\n<p>[tex] \\dfrac{c+a}{c+a}+\\dfrac{a+b}{a+b}+\\dfrac{b+c}{b+c}+\\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\\dfrac{b}{c+a}+\\dfrac{c}{a+b}=10[\/tex]<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:10px;\">\n<p>[tex] 3+\\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\\dfrac{b}{c+a}+\\dfrac{c}{a+b}=10[\/tex]<br \/>\nE, finalmente:<br \/>\n[tex]\\qquad \\fcolorbox{black}{#e6d7d4}{$ \\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\\dfrac{b}{c+a}+\\dfrac{c}{a+b}=7$}[\/tex].\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"margin:20px;\">\n<div class=\"gree cbch1\" style=\"width:99%;\">\n<p><strong>Problema 3:<\/strong><br \/>\n(<strong>Rom\u00eania<\/strong>) Considere os reais [tex]a[\/tex], [tex]b[\/tex], [tex]c[\/tex], [tex]d[\/tex] tais que [tex]abcd=1[\/tex].<br \/>\nDetermine os valores poss\u00edveis para a express\u00e3o<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:10px;\">\n<p>[tex]\\dfrac{1+a+ab}{1+a+ab+abc}+\\dfrac{1+b+bc}{1+b+bc+bcd}+\\dfrac{1+c+cd}{1+c+cd+cda}+\\dfrac{1+d+da}{1+d+da+dab}[\/tex].<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:30px;\">\n<div style=\"text-align: center;\">\n<input  class=\"bo3 cch cbch7\" style=\" margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" value=\"Solu\u00e7\u00e3o\" title=\"Clique aqui.\" type=\"button\" onclick=    \"if(this.parentNode.getElementsByTagName('div')[0].style.display != ''){this.parentNode.getElementsByTagName('div')[0].style.display = '';this.value = 'Ocultar';} else{this.parentNode.getElementsByTagName('div')[0].style.display = 'none'; this.value = 'Solu\u00e7\u00e3o';}\" \/>    <\/p>\n<div  style=\"display: none;\">\n<div class=\"gr1 cbch7\" style=\"width:95%; line-height: 30px;\">\nMultiplicando o numerador e o denominador da segunda, da terceira e da quarta fra\u00e7\u00f5es, respectivamente por [tex]a[\/tex], [tex]ab[\/tex] e [tex]abc[\/tex], obtemos que:<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:10px;\">\n<p>[tex]\\dfrac{1+a+ab}{1+a+ab+abc}+\\dfrac{1+b+bc}{1+b+bc+bcd}+\\dfrac{1+c+cd}{1+c+cd+cda}+\\\\<br \/>\n\\quad+\\dfrac{1+d+da}{1+d+da+dab}[\/tex]<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:15px;\">\n<p>[tex] =\\dfrac{1+a+ab}{1+a+ab+abc}+\\dfrac{a+ab+abc}{a+ab+abc+abcd}+[\/tex]<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:15px;\">\n<p>[tex]\\, \\quad +\\dfrac{ab+abc+abcd}{ab+abc+abcd+abcda}+\\dfrac{abc+abcd+abcda}{abc+abcd+abcda+abcdab}[\/tex]<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:15px;\">\n<p>[tex] =\\dfrac{1+a+ab}{1+a+ab+abc}+\\dfrac{a+ab+abc}{a+ab+abc+1}+\\\\<br \/>\n\\quad+\\dfrac{ab+abc+1}{ab+abc+1+a}+\\dfrac{abc+1+a}{abc+1+a+ab}[\/tex]<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:15px;\">\n<p>[tex]=\\dfrac{1+a+ab+a+ab+abc+ab+abc+1+abc+1+a}{1+a+ab+abc}[\/tex]<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:15px;\">\n<p>[tex]=\\dfrac{3+3a+3ab+3abc}{1+a+ab+abc}=3.[\/tex]<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:15px;\">\n<p>Assim,<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:15px;\">\n<p>[tex]\\dfrac{1+a+ab}{1+a+ab+abc}+\\dfrac{1+b+bc}{1+b+bc+bcd}+\\dfrac{1+c+cd}{1+c+cd+cda}+\\\\<br \/>\n\\quad +\\dfrac{1+d+da}{1+d+da+dab}=3.[\/tex]\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"margin:20px;\">\n<div class=\"gree cbch1\" style=\"width:99%;\">\n<p><strong>Problema 4:<\/strong><br \/>\nMostre que se [tex]x[\/tex], [tex]y[\/tex], [tex]z[\/tex] s\u00e3o n\u00fameros reais tais que [tex]x^3+y^3+z^3\\neq0[\/tex], ent\u00e3o a raz\u00e3o [tex]\\dfrac{2xyz-(x+y+z)}{x^3+y^3+z^3}[\/tex] \u00e9 igual a [tex]\\dfrac{2}{3}[\/tex] se, e somente se, [tex]x+y+z=0[\/tex].<\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: center;\">\n<input  class=\"bo3 cch cbch7\" style=\" margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" value=\"Solu\u00e7\u00e3o\" title=\"Clique aqui.\" type=\"button\" onclick=    \"if(this.parentNode.getElementsByTagName('div')[0].style.display != ''){this.parentNode.getElementsByTagName('div')[0].style.display = '';this.value = 'Ocultar';} else{this.parentNode.getElementsByTagName('div')[0].style.display = 'none'; this.value = 'Solu\u00e7\u00e3o';}\" \/>    <\/p>\n<div  style=\"display: none;\">\n<div class=\"gr1 cbch7\" style=\"width:99%; line-height: 30px;\">\nObserve inicialmente que<br \/>\n[tex]\\dfrac{2xyz-(x+y+z)}{x^3+y^3+z^3}=\\dfrac{2}{3}\\iff 6xyz-3(x+y+z)=2(x^3+y^3+z^3)[\/tex]<br \/>\n<span style=\"padding-left:150px;\"><\/span>[tex]\\qquad \\qquad  \\iff 2(x^3+y^3+z^3-3xyz)+3(x+y+z)=0.[\/tex][tex]\\qquad \\qquad (I)[\/tex]<br \/>\nObserve, agora, que uma das identidades apresentadas acima \u00e9<br \/>\n[tex]x^3+y^3+z^3-3xyz=(x+y+z)(x^2+y^2+z^2-xy-xz-yz),[\/tex]<br \/>\nlogo:<br \/>\n[tex] 2(x^3+y^3+z^3-3xyz)+3(x+y+z)=\\\\<br \/>\n\\quad =2(x+y+z)(x^2+y^2+z^2-xy-xz-yz)+3(x+y+z).[\/tex]<br \/>\nAssim,<br \/>\n[tex] 2(x^3+y^3+z^3-3xyz)+3(x+y+z)=0 \\iff [\/tex]<br \/>\n[tex] \\iff 2(x+y+z)(x^2+y^2+z^2-xy-xz-yz)+3(x+y+z)=0[\/tex]<br \/>\n[tex] \\iff  (x+y+z)[2(x^2+y^2+z^2-xy-xz-yz)+3]=0 \\iff[\/tex]<br \/>\n[tex] \\iff  (x+y+z)[(x-y)^2+(y-z)^2+(z-x)^2+3]=0.[\/tex][tex]\\qquad (II)[\/tex]<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:10px;\">\n<p>De [tex](I)[\/tex] e [tex](II)[\/tex]<br \/>\n[tex]\\dfrac{2xyz-(x+y+z)}{x^3+y^3+z^3}=\\dfrac{2}{3}\\iff\\\\<br \/>\n\\quad \\iff (x+y+z)[(x-y)^2+(y-z)^2+(z-x)^2+3]=0. \\qquad (III)[\/tex]<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:10px;\">\n<p>Finalmente, como [tex](x-y)^2+(y-z)^2+(z-x)^2+3\\neq0[\/tex], ent\u00e3o<br \/>\n[tex](x+y+z)[(x-y)^2+(y-z)^2+(z-x)^2+3]=0 \\iff x+y+z=0 \\quad (IV)[\/tex]<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:10px;\">\n<p>Portanto, de [tex](III)[\/tex] e [tex](IV),[\/tex]<br \/>\n[tex]\\fcolorbox{black}{#e6d7d4}{$ \\dfrac{2xyz-(x+y+z)}{x^3+y^3+z^3}=\\dfrac{2}{3}\\iff  x+y+z=0$} \\, [\/tex].\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"margin:20px;\">\n<div class=\"gree cbch1\" style=\"width:99%;\">\n<p><strong>Problema 5:<\/strong><br \/>\n[tex] (a)[\/tex] Seja [tex]x[\/tex] um n\u00famero real tal que [tex]x^2=2x+1[\/tex]. Mostre que [tex]x^5=29x+12.[\/tex]<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:10px;\">\n<p>[tex](b)[\/tex] Sejam [tex]a[\/tex] e [tex]b[\/tex] as ra\u00edzes da equa\u00e7\u00e3o [tex]x^2-2x-1=0[\/tex]. Calcule [tex]a^5+b^5[\/tex].<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:20px;\">\n<div style=\"text-align: center;\">\n<input  class=\"bo3 cch cbch7\" style=\" margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" value=\"Solu\u00e7\u00e3o\" title=\"Clique aqui.\" type=\"button\" onclick=    \"if(this.parentNode.getElementsByTagName('div')[0].style.display != ''){this.parentNode.getElementsByTagName('div')[0].style.display = '';this.value = 'Ocultar';} else{this.parentNode.getElementsByTagName('div')[0].style.display = 'none'; this.value = 'Solu\u00e7\u00e3o';}\" \/>    <\/p>\n<div  style=\"display: none;\">\n<div class=\"gr1 cbch7\" style=\"width:99%; line-height: 30px;\">\n[tex] (a)[\/tex] De   [tex]x^2=2x+1[\/tex] segue que<br \/>\n[tex]\\quad (x^2)^2=(2x+1)^2[\/tex]<br \/>\n[tex]\\quad x^4=4x^2+4x+1[\/tex]<br \/>\n[tex]\\quad x^4=4(2x+1)+4x+1 \\qquad \\qquad[\/tex](utilizamos a hip\u00f3tese de que [tex]x^2=2x+1[\/tex])<br \/>\n[tex]\\quad x^4=12x+5[\/tex]<br \/>\n[tex]\\quad x^5=12x^2+5x[\/tex]<br \/>\n[tex]\\quad x^5=12(2x+1)+5x\\qquad \\qquad \\,  \\,  \\,  \\, [\/tex](utilizamos novamente a hip\u00f3tese de que [tex]x^2=2x+1[\/tex])<br \/>\n[tex]\\quad \\fcolorbox{black}{#e6d7d4}{$x^5=29x+12$}[\/tex].<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:30px;\">\n<p>[tex](b)[\/tex] Note que, se [tex]a[\/tex] e [tex]b[\/tex] s\u00e3o as ra\u00edzes da equa\u00e7\u00e3o [tex]x^2-2x-1=0[\/tex], ent\u00e3o [tex]a^2-2a-1=0 \\, [\/tex] e [tex] \\, b^2-2b-1=0[\/tex]  ou, ainda, [tex]a^2=2a+1 \\, [\/tex] e [tex] \\, b^2=2b+1[\/tex].<br \/>\nAssim, do item anterior, segue que [tex]a^5=29a+12 \\, [\/tex] e [tex] \\, b^5=29b+12[\/tex] e, portanto:<br \/>\n[tex]\\quad a^5+b^5=(29a+12)+(29b+12)=29\\times(a+b)+24. \\qquad \\qquad (I)[\/tex]<br \/>\nMas, o termo que acompanha [tex]x[\/tex] na equa\u00e7\u00e3o [tex]x^2-2x-1=0[\/tex] \u00e9 a soma com &#8220;sinal trocado&#8221; das ra\u00edzes dessa equa\u00e7\u00e3o e, como [tex]a[\/tex] e [tex]b[\/tex] s\u00e3o as ra\u00edzes da equa\u00e7\u00e3o [tex]x^2-2x-1=0[\/tex], ent\u00e3o [tex]a+b=2.[\/tex]<br \/>\nAssim, de [tex](I)[\/tex], podemos concluir que:<br \/>\n[tex]\\qquad a^5+b^5=29\\times(a+b)+24=29.(2)+24[\/tex]<br \/>\ne, portanto, [tex]\\fcolorbox{black}{#e6d7d4}{$a^5+b^5=82$}[\/tex].\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"margin:20px;\">\n<div class=\"gree cbch1\" style=\"width:99%;\">\n<p><strong>Problema 6:<\/strong><br \/>\nSejam [tex]a[\/tex], [tex]b[\/tex], [tex]c[\/tex] n\u00fameros reais n\u00e3o nulos tais que [tex]a+b+c=0 \\, [\/tex] e [tex] \\, a^3+b^3+c^3=a^5+b^5+c^5[\/tex].<br \/>\nCalcule [tex]a^2+b^2+c^2[\/tex].<\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: center;\">\n<input  class=\"bo3 cch cbch7\" style=\" margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" value=\"Solu\u00e7\u00e3o\" title=\"Clique aqui.\" type=\"button\" onclick=    \"if(this.parentNode.getElementsByTagName('div')[0].style.display != ''){this.parentNode.getElementsByTagName('div')[0].style.display = '';this.value = 'Ocultar';} else{this.parentNode.getElementsByTagName('div')[0].style.display = 'none'; this.value = 'Solu\u00e7\u00e3o';}\" \/>    <\/p>\n<div  style=\"display: none;\">\n<div class=\"gr1 cbch7\" style=\"width:98%; line-height: 25px;\">\nA partir dos n\u00fameros reais n\u00e3o nulos [tex]a[\/tex], [tex]b[\/tex], [tex]c[\/tex], de acordo com as hip\u00f3teses do problema, definimos [tex]\\boxed{y=abc} \\, [\/tex] e [tex] \\, \\boxed{x=a^2+b^2+c^2}[\/tex].<br \/>\nComo [tex] (a+b+c)^2=a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2ac+2bc[\/tex] e, por hip\u00f3tese, [tex]a+b+c=0[\/tex], ent\u00e3o [tex]0=x+2(ab+ac+bc)[\/tex], ou seja, [tex]\\boxed{ab+ac+bc=-\\dfrac{x}{2}}[\/tex].<br \/>\nPor outro lado, como [tex]a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc=(a+b+c)(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-ac-bc)[\/tex] e, por hip\u00f3tese,  [tex]a+b+c=0[\/tex] e [tex]a^3+b^3+c^3=a^5+b^5+c^5[\/tex], segue que [tex]\\boxed{a^5+b^5+c^5=a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc}[\/tex].<br \/>\nLogo<br \/>\n[tex]\\quad 3abc=a^3+b^3+c^3 \\\\ \\qquad 3abc(a^2+b^2+c^2)=(a^3+b^3+c^3)(a^2+b^2+c^2)[\/tex]<br \/>\n[tex]\\quad 3xy=a^5+b^5+c^5+a^2b^2(a+b)+a^2c^2(a+c)+b^2c^2(b+c)[\/tex]<br \/>\n[tex]\\quad 3xy=3y+a^2b^2(-c)+a^2c^2(-b)+b^2c^2(-a) \\\\ \\qquad 3xy=3y-abc(ab+ac+bc)[\/tex]<br \/>\n[tex]\\quad 3xy=3y-y\\left(-\\dfrac{x}{2}\\right)\\\\ \\qquad 3xy=3y+\\dfrac{xy}{2}[\/tex]<br \/>\nComo [tex]y\\ne 0[\/tex], de [tex] 3xy=3y+\\dfrac{xy}{2}[\/tex], segue que [tex] 3x=3+\\dfrac{x}{2} [\/tex], donde [tex]x=\\dfrac{6}{5}.[\/tex]<br \/>\nAssim, como [tex]x=a^2+b^2+c^2[\/tex], tem-se [tex]\\fcolorbox{black}{#e6d7d4}{$a^2+b^2+c^2=\\dfrac{6}{5}$}[\/tex].\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"margin:20px;\">\n<div class=\"gree cbch1\" style=\"width: 99%;\">\n<p><strong>Problema 7:<\/strong><br \/>\n(<strong>Irlanda<\/strong>) Os n\u00fameros reais [tex]\\alpha \\, [\/tex] e [tex] \\, \\beta[\/tex] s\u00e3o tais que [tex]\\alpha^3-3\\alpha^2+5\\alpha-17=0[\/tex] e [tex]\\beta^3-3\\beta^2+5\\beta+11=0[\/tex].<br \/>\nEncontre [tex]\\alpha+\\beta[\/tex].<\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: center;\">\n<input  class=\"bo3 cch cbch7\" style=\" margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" value=\"Solu\u00e7\u00e3o\" title=\"Clique aqui.\" type=\"button\" onclick=    \"if(this.parentNode.getElementsByTagName('div')[0].style.display != ''){this.parentNode.getElementsByTagName('div')[0].style.display = '';this.value = 'Ocultar';} else{this.parentNode.getElementsByTagName('div')[0].style.display = 'none'; this.value = 'Solu\u00e7\u00e3o';}\" \/>    <\/p>\n<div  style=\"display: none;\">\n<div class=\"gr1 cbch7\" style=\"width:98%; line-height: 35px;\">\nDefina uma fun\u00e7\u00e3o [tex]f[\/tex] tal que  [tex]f(x)=x^3-3x^2+5x[\/tex]. Ent\u00e3o, [tex]f(\\alpha)=\\alpha^3-3\\alpha^2+5\\alpha[\/tex] e [tex]f(\\beta)=\\beta^3-3\\beta^2+5\\beta[\/tex].<br \/>\nVamos agora manipular a express\u00e3o [tex]f(x)[\/tex] da seguinte forma:<br \/>\n[tex]f(x)=x^3-3x^2+5x=x^3-3x^2+3x-1+2x-2+3\\\\<br \/>\nf(x)=(x-1)^3+2(x-1)+3.[\/tex]<br \/>\nPodemos, ent\u00e3o, escrever que [tex]\\boxed{f(\\alpha)=(\\alpha-1)^3+2(\\alpha-1)+3}[\/tex] e [tex]\\boxed{f(\\beta)=(\\beta-1)^3+2(\\beta-1)+3}[\/tex].<br \/>\nAdicionando essas duas equa\u00e7\u00f5es, obtemos<br \/>\n[tex]\\qquad f(\\alpha)+f(\\beta)=(\\alpha-1)^3+(\\beta-1)^3+2(\\alpha-1)+2(\\beta-1)+6[\/tex],<br \/>\nmas [tex]f(\\alpha)+f(\\beta)=6[\/tex], logo [tex](\\alpha-1)^3+(\\beta-1)^3+2(\\alpha-1)+2(\\beta-1)=0[\/tex].<br \/>\nMas, observe que:<br \/>\n[tex](\\alpha-1)^3+(\\beta-1)^3+2(\\alpha-1)+2(\\beta-1)=0\\iff\\\\<br \/>\n\\iff (\\alpha-1)^3+(\\beta-1)^3+2(\\alpha+\\beta-2)=0\\iff[\/tex]<br \/>\n[tex][(\\alpha-1)+(\\beta-1)][(\\alpha-1)^2-(\\alpha-1)(\\beta-1)+(\\beta-1)^2]+2(\\alpha+\\beta-2)=0\\iff[\/tex]<br \/>\n[tex](\\alpha+\\beta-2)[(\\alpha-1)^2-(\\alpha-1)(\\beta-1)+(\\beta-1)^2+2]=0\\iff[\/tex]<br \/>\n[tex](\\alpha+\\beta-2)[\\alpha^2-\\alpha-\\alpha\\beta+\\beta^2-\\beta+3]=0\\iff[\/tex]<br \/>\n[tex](\\alpha+\\beta-2)\\left[\\dfrac{(\\alpha-1)^2+(\\alpha-\\beta)^2+(\\beta-1)^2+4}{2}\\right]=0.[\/tex]<br \/>\nAssim,<br \/>\n[tex]\\quad (\\alpha+\\beta-2)\\left[\\dfrac{(\\alpha-1)^2+(\\alpha-\\beta)^2+(\\beta-1)^2+4}{2}\\right]=0[\/tex],<br \/>\ne como<br \/>\n[tex]\\qquad\\dfrac{(\\alpha-1)^2+(\\alpha-\\beta)^2+(\\beta-1)^2+4}{2}>0[\/tex],<br \/>\ntemos que [tex]\\alpha+\\beta-2=0[\/tex].<br \/>\nPortanto,[tex] \\, \\fcolorbox{black}{#e6d7d4}{$\\alpha+\\beta=2$}[\/tex].\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"margin:20px;\">\n<div class=\"gree cbch1\" style=\"width:99%;\">\n<p><strong>Problema 8:<\/strong><br \/>\nMostre que<br \/>\n[tex]n=\\left(\\sqrt{5}+\\sqrt{6}+\\sqrt{7}\\right)\\cdot \\left(\\sqrt{5}+\\sqrt{6}-\\sqrt{7}\\right)\\cdot \\left(\\sqrt{5}-\\sqrt{6}+\\sqrt{7}\\right)\\cdot \\left(-\\sqrt{5}+\\sqrt{6}+\\sqrt{7}\\right)[\/tex]<br \/>\n\u00e9 um n\u00famero natural. <\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: center;\">\n<input  class=\"bo3 cch cbch7\" style=\" margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" value=\"Solu\u00e7\u00e3o\" title=\"Clique aqui.\" type=\"button\" onclick=    \"if(this.parentNode.getElementsByTagName('div')[0].style.display != ''){this.parentNode.getElementsByTagName('div')[0].style.display = '';this.value = 'Ocultar';} else{this.parentNode.getElementsByTagName('div')[0].style.display = 'none'; this.value = 'Solu\u00e7\u00e3o';}\" \/>    <\/p>\n<div  style=\"display: none;\">\n<div class=\"gr1 cbch7\" style=\"width:99%; line-height: 40px;\">\nSeja<br \/>\n[tex]n=\\left(\\sqrt{5}+\\sqrt{6}+\\sqrt{7}\\right)\\cdot \\left(\\sqrt{5}+\\sqrt{6}-\\sqrt{7}\\right)\\cdot \\left(\\sqrt{5}-\\sqrt{6}+\\sqrt{7}\\right)\\cdot \\left(-\\sqrt{5}+\\sqrt{6}+\\sqrt{7}\\right)[\/tex]<br \/>\ne observe que<br \/>\n[tex]n=\\left[\\left(\\sqrt{5}+\\sqrt{6}\\right)+\\sqrt{7}\\right]\\cdot \\left[ \\left(\\sqrt{5}+\\sqrt{6}\\right)-\\sqrt{7}\\right]\\cdot \\left[\\sqrt{7}+\\left(\\sqrt{5}-\\sqrt{6}\\right)\\right]\\cdot \\left[\\sqrt{7}-\\left(\\sqrt{5}-\\sqrt{6}\\right)\\right][\/tex]<br \/>\nComo [tex](a+b)(a-b)=a^2-b^2[\/tex], temos que:<br \/>\n[tex]\\qquad n=\\left[\\left(\\sqrt{5}+\\sqrt{6}\\right)^2-\\left(\\sqrt{7}\\right)^2\\right]\\cdot \\left[\\left(\\sqrt{7}\\right)^2 &#8211; \\left(\\sqrt{5}-\\sqrt{6}\\right)^2\\right][\/tex].<br \/>\nTamb\u00e9m, sabemos que [tex]\\left(a\\pm b \\right)^2=a^2\\pm 2ab+b^2[\/tex], logo<br \/>\n[tex]n=\\left[5+2\\sqrt{30}+6-7\\right] \\cdot \\left[7- \\left(5-2\\sqrt{30}+6\\right)\\right][\/tex],<br \/>\nou ainda<br \/>\n[tex] n=\\left[5+2\\sqrt{30}+6-7\\right] \\cdot \\left[7-5+2\\sqrt{30}-6\\right][\/tex].<br \/>\nAssim,<br \/>\n[tex]n=\\left[2\\sqrt{30}+4\\right] \\cdot \\left[2\\sqrt{30}-4\\right]=\\left(2\\sqrt{30}\\right)^2 -4^2[\/tex],<br \/>\ndonde<br \/>\n[tex]n=4\\cdot 30-16=120-16=104[\/tex].<\/p>\n<p class=\"ti1 cch\"> Fant\u00e1stico, n\u00e3o \u00e9?<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/clubes.obmep.org.br\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/02\/carinha2.jpg\" style=\"border:none\" alt=\"carinha2\" width=\"92\" height=\"85\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-3064\" \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"margin:50px;\">\n<p class=\"ti1\"> E agora \u00e9 com voc\u00eas&#8230;<br \/>\nBoa divers\u00e3o!<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:40px; text-align:center;\">\n<a href=\"http:\/\/clubes.obmep.org.br\/blog\/?p=92770\" title=\"Clique e v\u00e1 para a Sala\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"buts2 bbgch cbch7\" > Problemas propostos<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"margin:50px\">\n<hr style=\"height:1px;background-color:#ae7c73;  margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;  border: 0 none\"\/>\n<hr style=\"height:1px;background-color:#ae7c73;  margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;  border: 0 none\"\/>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #ae7c73; font-size: 20px;\"><strong>Equipe COM &#8211; OBMEP<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"fim\"><a title=\"Voltar.\" href=\"http:\/\/clubes.obmep.org.br\/blog\/?p=67064\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"color: #dd3628;\"><strong>Ir para Sala Inicial<\/strong><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Malabarismos aritm\u00e9ticos e alg\u00e9bricos Sala 3 Na arte de se resolver problemas de Matem\u00e1tica, \u00e9 necess\u00e1ria uma manipula\u00e7\u00e3o alg\u00e9brica habilidosa para se chegar aos resultados esperados, j\u00e1 que a tradu\u00e7\u00e3o de um problema para a nota\u00e7\u00e3o alg\u00e9brica nem sempre produz express\u00f5es simples de se trabalhar. No entanto, muitos dentre aqueles que se prop\u00f5em a resolver &hellip; <\/p>\n<p><a class=\"more-link btn\" href=\"https:\/\/clubes.obmep.org.br\/blog\/malabarismos-aritmeticos-e-algebricos-sala-3\/\">Continue lendo<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"template-onecolumn.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-67077","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","nodate","item-wrap"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/clubes.obmep.org.br\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/67077","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/clubes.obmep.org.br\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/clubes.obmep.org.br\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/clubes.obmep.org.br\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/clubes.obmep.org.br\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=67077"}],"version-history":[{"count":34,"href":"https:\/\/clubes.obmep.org.br\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/67077\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":210743,"href":"https:\/\/clubes.obmep.org.br\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/67077\/revisions\/210743"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/clubes.obmep.org.br\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=67077"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}