{"id":24453,"date":"2014-10-26T18:21:07","date_gmt":"2014-10-26T20:21:07","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/clubes.obmep.org.br\/blog\/?page_id=24453"},"modified":"2023-03-21T20:56:50","modified_gmt":"2023-03-21T23:56:50","slug":"problema-quem-sao-os-algarismos","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/clubes.obmep.org.br\/blog\/problema-quem-sao-os-algarismos\/","title":{"rendered":".Problema: Quais s\u00e3o os algarismos?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"g1n\">\n<p class=\"tit\" style=\"line-height:25px;margin:10px\">Problema<br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size:12px;color:#800000\"> (Indicado a partir do 8\u00ba ano do E. F.)<\/span><\/p>\n<hr style=\"height:1px; width:100%;background-color:#800000; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 20px;border: 0 none\"\/>\nCom os algarismos [tex]x [\/tex],  [tex]y[\/tex] e [tex]z[\/tex], formam-se os n\u00fameros de dois algarismos [tex]x\\,y\\,[\/tex] e [tex]\\,y\\,x[\/tex] cuja soma \u00e9 o n\u00famero de tr\u00eas algarismos [tex]z\\,x\\,z[\/tex].<br \/>\nQuais s\u00e3o os algarismos  [tex]x[\/tex],  [tex]\\,y \\,[\/tex] e [tex]\\,z\\, [\/tex]?<\/p>\n<hr style=\"height:1px; width:100%;background-color:#800000; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;border: 0 none\"\/>\n<span style=\"font-size:12px; line-height:11px;\"><strong>Observa\u00e7\u00e3o:<\/strong> Neste problema, denotaremos por [tex]\\,a\\,b\\,c\\,\\,[\/tex] a representa\u00e7\u00e3o decimal do n\u00famero de tr\u00eas algarismos cujos algarismos das centenas, dezenas e unidades s\u00e3o [tex]a[\/tex], [tex]b[\/tex] e [tex]c[\/tex], respectivamente.<br \/>\nAssim, [tex] a\\,b\\,c=100\\cdot a +  10\\cdot b + c[\/tex].<br \/>\nDe maneira an\u00e1loga, a representa\u00e7\u00e3o decimal do n\u00famero de dois algarismos cujos algarismos das dezenas e unidades s\u00e3o [tex]a[\/tex] e [tex]b[\/tex], respectivamente, ser\u00e1 [tex] a\\,b[\/tex] e, portanto,  [tex] a\\,b=10\\cdot a+b[\/tex].<\/span><\/div>\n<p style=\"margin:40px\">\n<div class=\"g1n\">\n<p class=\"tit\" style=\"line-height:30px;margin:10px\">Solu\u00e7\u00e3o<\/p>\n<hr style=\"height:1px; width:100%;background-color:#800000; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 20px;border: 0 none\"\/>\nInicialmente, observe que:<br \/>\n [tex]\\quad \\textcolor{#0DC0FF}{\\rhd}\\,[\/tex] como o n\u00famero [tex]x\\,y\\,[\/tex] tem dois algarismos, ent\u00e3o [tex]x\\ne 0[\/tex];<br \/>\n [tex]\\quad \\textcolor{#0DC0FF}{\\rhd}\\,[\/tex]  como o n\u00famero [tex]y\\,x\\,[\/tex] tem dois algarismos, ent\u00e3o [tex]y\\ne 0[\/tex];<br \/>\n [tex]\\quad \\textcolor{#0DC0FF}{\\rhd}\\,[\/tex]  como o n\u00famero [tex]z\\,x\\,z\\,[\/tex] tem tr\u00eas algarismos, ent\u00e3o [tex]z\\ne 0[\/tex].<br \/>\n Assim, [tex]x [\/tex],  [tex]y[\/tex] e [tex]z [\/tex] s\u00e3o algarismos n\u00e3o nulos, isto \u00e9, s\u00e3o n\u00fameros naturais tais que [tex]0 \\lt x\\,,\\,y\\,,\\, z \\le 9[\/tex].<br \/>\nObserve, tamb\u00e9m, que:<br \/>\n[tex]\\quad \\textcolor{#0DC0FF}{\\rhd}\\,[\/tex] o maior n\u00famero que pode ser formado somando dois n\u00fameros de dois algarismos \u00e9 [tex]198=99+99[\/tex].<br \/>\nLogo, como [tex]x\\,y+y\\,x=z\\,x\\,z[\/tex], ent\u00e3o [tex]z\\,x\\,z[\/tex] <strong>\u00e9 um n\u00famero de tr\u00eas algarismos resultante da soma de dois n\u00fameros com dois algarismos cada<\/strong>. Dessa forma,<br \/>\n[tex]\\qquad \\qquad \\textcolor{red}{1}00 \\le \\textcolor{red}{z}\\,x\\,z \\le \\textcolor{red}{1}98[\/tex]<br \/>\ne, portanto, conclu\u00edmos que [tex]\\boxed{\\textcolor{red}{z=1}}[\/tex].<br \/>\nComo [tex]z=1[\/tex], o resultado da soma \u00e9 [tex]1\\,x\\,1[\/tex] e, desse modo, segue que:<br \/>\n     [tex]\\qquad x\\,y +y\\,x =1\\,x\\,1[\/tex]<br \/>\n [tex]\\qquad (10\\cdot x + y) + (10\\cdot y + x) = 100 + 10\\cdot x + 1 [\/tex]<br \/>\n[tex]\\qquad 11\\cdot y + x = 101[\/tex].<br \/>\nRespeitando as condi\u00e7\u00f5es do problema, esta equa\u00e7\u00e3o s\u00f3 admite a solu\u00e7\u00e3o  [tex]\\boxed{x=2}[\/tex] e [tex]\\boxed{y=9}[\/tex].<br \/>\nAssim, [tex] \\,\\fcolorbox{black}{#eee0e5}{$x=2$}\\,\\,[\/tex], [tex] \\,\\fcolorbox{black}{#eee0e5}{$y=9$}\\,\\,[\/tex] e [tex] \\,\\,\\fcolorbox{black}{#eee0e5}{$z=1$}\\,.[\/tex]<\/p>\n<hr style=\"height:1px; width:100%;background-color:#800000; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 5px;border: 0 none\"\/>\n<hr style=\"height:1px; width:100%;background-color:#800000; margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 20px;border: 0 none\"\/>\n<p>Voc\u00ea pode verificar a afirma\u00e7\u00e3o de que a equa\u00e7\u00e3o [tex]\\boxed{11\\cdot y + x = 101}[\/tex] s\u00f3 admite a solu\u00e7\u00e3o  [tex]\\boxed{x=2}[\/tex] e [tex]\\boxed{y=9}[\/tex] de dois modos.<\/p>\n<ul><strong>Justificativa 1:<\/strong> Podemos reescrever a equa\u00e7\u00e3o [tex]11\\cdot y + x = 101[\/tex] como [tex]y\\; y+x=101[\/tex] e utilizar o esqueminha da adi\u00e7\u00e3o:<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/clubes.obmep.org.br\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/f218.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"90\" height=\"89\" style=\"border: 0px;\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-180903\" \/><br \/>\nPelo esquema, podemos notar que a soma dos algarismos das unidades \u00e9 [tex]1[\/tex] ou [tex]11[\/tex]. Mas [tex]x[\/tex] e [tex]y[\/tex] s\u00e3o algarismos n\u00e3o nulos, logo [tex]x+y\\ne 1[\/tex], donde [tex]x+y=11[\/tex] e podemos melhorar nosso esqueminha da adi\u00e7\u00e3o.<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/clubes.obmep.org.br\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/f219.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"85\" height=\"105\" style=\"border: 0px;\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-180911\" \/><br \/>\nObservando, agora, a coluna das dezenas, conclu\u00edmos que [tex]1+y=10[\/tex] e, portanto, [tex]\\boxed{y=9}[\/tex]. Como sabemos que [tex]x+y=11[\/tex], segue que [tex]\\boxed{x=2}[\/tex].<br \/>\n\t<strong>Justificativa 2:<\/strong> Da equa\u00e7\u00e3o [tex]11\\cdot y + x = 101[\/tex], segue que [tex]11\\cdot y=101-x[\/tex], ou seja, [tex]101-x[\/tex] \u00e9 um m\u00faltiplo de [tex]11[\/tex]. Como [tex]x[\/tex] \u00e9 um algarismo n\u00e3o nulo, podemos testar para quais valores de [tex]x[\/tex] a diferen\u00e7a [tex]101-x[\/tex] \u00e9 um n\u00famero m\u00faltiplo de [tex]11[\/tex]. Vejamos:<\/p>\n<table style=\"border: 2px solid #000000; width:25%; height:auto; text-align:center; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto\">\n<tr>\n<td  style=\"border: 2px solid #000000;\" align=\"center\"> [tex]x[\/tex]  <\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 2px solid #000000;\"> [tex]101-x[\/tex] <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 2px solid #000000;\">[tex]1[\/tex]  <\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 2px solid #000000;\" > [tex]100[\/tex] <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 2px solid #000000;\">[tex]2[\/tex]  <\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 2px solid #000000;\" > [tex]99[\/tex] <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<p>Como [tex]99[\/tex] \u00e9 um m\u00faltiplo de [tex]11[\/tex], o pr\u00f3ximo m\u00faltiplo de [tex]11[\/tex] da nossa lista s\u00f3 ir\u00e1 aparecer onze linhas abaixo, ou seja, para [tex]x=2+11=13[\/tex]. Mas [tex]13[\/tex] n\u00e3o \u00e9 um algarismo; portanto, [tex]x=2[\/tex]. Se voc\u00ea ficou com d\u00favidas, veja mais algumas linhas da tabela.<\/p>\n<table style=\"border: 2px solid #000000; width:60%; height:auto; text-align:center; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto\">\n<tr>\n<td  style=\"border: 2px solid #000000;\" align=\"center\"> [tex]x[\/tex]  <\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 2px solid #000000;\"> [tex]101-x[\/tex] <\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 2px solid #000000;border-BOTTOM: 2px solid #000000;\"><strong>Observa\u00e7\u00f5es<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 2px solid #000000;\">[tex]1[\/tex]  <\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 2px solid #000000;\" > [tex]100[\/tex] <\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 2px solid #000000;\"> [tex]100[\/tex] n\u00e3o \u00e9 m\u00faltiplo de [tex]11[\/tex].<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 2px solid #000000;\">[tex]2[\/tex]  <\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 2px solid #000000;\" > [tex]99[\/tex] <\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 2px solid #000000;\"> [tex]99[\/tex] \u00e9 m\u00faltiplo de [tex]11[\/tex].<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 2px solid #000000;\">[tex]3[\/tex]  <\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 2px solid #000000;\" > [tex]98[\/tex] <\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 2px solid #000000;\"> [tex]98[\/tex] n\u00e3o \u00e9 m\u00faltiplo de [tex]11[\/tex].<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 2px solid #000000;\">[tex]4[\/tex]  <\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 2px solid #000000;\" > [tex]97[\/tex] <\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 2px solid #000000;\"> [tex]97[\/tex] n\u00e3o \u00e9 m\u00faltiplo de [tex]11[\/tex].<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 2px solid #000000;\">[tex]5[\/tex]  <\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 2px solid #000000;\" > [tex]96[\/tex] <\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 2px solid #000000;\"> [tex]96[\/tex] n\u00e3o \u00e9 m\u00faltiplo de [tex]11[\/tex].<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 2px solid #000000;\">[tex]6[\/tex]  <\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 2px solid #000000;\" > [tex]95[\/tex] <\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 2px solid #000000;\"> [tex]95[\/tex] n\u00e3o \u00e9 m\u00faltiplo de [tex]11[\/tex].<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 2px solid #000000;\">[tex]7[\/tex]  <\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 2px solid #000000;\" > [tex]94[\/tex] <\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 2px solid #000000;\"> [tex]94[\/tex] n\u00e3o \u00e9 m\u00faltiplo de [tex]11[\/tex].<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 2px solid #000000;\">[tex]8[\/tex]  <\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 2px solid #000000;\" > [tex]93[\/tex] <\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 2px solid #000000;\"> [tex]93[\/tex] n\u00e3o \u00e9 m\u00faltiplo de [tex]11[\/tex].<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 2px solid #000000;\">[tex]9[\/tex]  <\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 2px solid #000000;\" > [tex]92[\/tex] <\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 2px solid #000000;\"> [tex]92[\/tex] n\u00e3o \u00e9 m\u00faltiplo de [tex]11[\/tex].<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 2px solid #000000;\">[tex]10[\/tex]  <\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 2px solid #000000;\" > [tex]91[\/tex] <\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 2px solid #000000;\"> [tex]10[\/tex] n\u00e3o \u00e9 algarismo.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 2px solid #000000;\">[tex]11[\/tex]  <\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 2px solid #000000;\" > [tex]90[\/tex] <\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 2px solid #000000;\"> [tex]11[\/tex] n\u00e3o \u00e9 algarismo.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 2px solid #000000;\">[tex]12[\/tex]  <\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 2px solid #000000;\" > [tex]89[\/tex] <\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 2px solid #000000;\"> [tex]12[\/tex] n\u00e3o \u00e9 algarismo.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 2px solid #000000;\">[tex]13[\/tex]  <\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 2px solid #000000;\" > [tex]88[\/tex] <\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 2px solid #000000;\"> [tex]13[\/tex]  n\u00e3o \u00e9 algarismo.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/ul>\n<p>De qualquer forma,  [tex] \\,\\fcolorbox{black}{#eee0e5}{$x=2$}\\,\\,[\/tex], [tex] \\,\\fcolorbox{black}{#eee0e5}{$y=9$}\\,\\,[\/tex] e [tex] \\,\\,\\fcolorbox{black}{#eee0e5}{$z=1$}\\,[\/tex].<\/p>\n<hr style=\"height:1px; width:100%;background-color:#800000; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 15px;border: 0 none\"\/>\n<p class=\"g2\" style=\"line-height:20px;\">Solu\u00e7\u00e3o elaborada pelos <strong>Moderadores do Blog<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"margin:30px\">\n<div class=\"g3\" style=\"width: 480px;\">\nParticipou da discuss\u00e3o o Clube <strong>  MIRIM APRENDIZ <\/strong>.\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Problema (Indicado a partir do 8\u00ba ano do E. F.) Com os algarismos [tex]x [\/tex], [tex]y[\/tex] e [tex]z[\/tex], formam-se os n\u00fameros de dois algarismos [tex]x\\,y\\,[\/tex] e [tex]\\,y\\,x[\/tex] cuja soma \u00e9 o n\u00famero de tr\u00eas algarismos [tex]z\\,x\\,z[\/tex]. Quais s\u00e3o os algarismos [tex]x[\/tex], [tex]\\,y \\,[\/tex] e [tex]\\,z\\, [\/tex]? Observa\u00e7\u00e3o: Neste problema, denotaremos por [tex]\\,a\\,b\\,c\\,\\,[\/tex] a representa\u00e7\u00e3o decimal &hellip; <\/p>\n<p><a class=\"more-link btn\" href=\"https:\/\/clubes.obmep.org.br\/blog\/problema-quem-sao-os-algarismos\/\">Continue lendo<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":164,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"template-onecolumn.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-24453","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","nodate","item-wrap"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/clubes.obmep.org.br\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/24453","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/clubes.obmep.org.br\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/clubes.obmep.org.br\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/clubes.obmep.org.br\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/164"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/clubes.obmep.org.br\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=24453"}],"version-history":[{"count":48,"href":"https:\/\/clubes.obmep.org.br\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/24453\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":185009,"href":"https:\/\/clubes.obmep.org.br\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/24453\/revisions\/185009"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/clubes.obmep.org.br\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=24453"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}