{"id":159743,"date":"2020-08-17T00:26:07","date_gmt":"2020-08-17T03:26:07","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/clubes.obmep.org.br\/blog\/?page_id=159743"},"modified":"2023-07-06T06:05:54","modified_gmt":"2023-07-06T09:05:54","slug":"problemao-o-calculo-do-valor-minimo-da-funcao","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/clubes.obmep.org.br\/blog\/problemao-o-calculo-do-valor-minimo-da-funcao\/","title":{"rendered":".Problem\u00e3o: Calculando o valor m\u00ednimo de uma fun\u00e7\u00e3o"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"margin:10px\">\n<div class=\"g1n\" style=\"line-height:30px;padding-bottom:15px\">\n<p class=\"tit\" style=\"line-height:25px;margin:10px\">Problema<br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size:12px;color:#800000\"> (Indicado a partir do 3\u00ba ano do E. M.)<\/span><\/p>\n<hr style=\"height:1px; width:100%;background-color:#800000; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 20px;border: 0 none\"\/>\nConsidere a fun\u00e7\u00e3o polinomial [tex]f: \\mathbb{R} \\rightarrow  \\mathbb{R}  [\/tex] definida por [tex]f(x)=(x^{2} +2020x-1)^{2} +(2x+ 2020)^{2}[\/tex].<br \/>\n<strong>(a)<\/strong> Encontre n\u00fameros reais [tex]k[\/tex] e [tex]h[\/tex] tais que [tex]f(x)=(x^{2}+kx+1)^{2} +h[\/tex];<br \/>\n<strong>(b)<\/strong> Encontre o valor m\u00ednimo da fun\u00e7\u00e3o [tex]f[\/tex].<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size:12px;line-height:10px;text-align:right\">(Adaptado do <strong>PROFMAT <\/strong>&#8211; ENQ2019.1)<\/P> <\/div>\n<p style=\"margin:40px\">\n<div class=\"g1n\" style=\"line-height:35px;\">\n<p class=\"tit\" style=\"line-height:28px;margin:10px\">Solu\u00e7\u00e3o 1<\/p>\n<hr style=\"height:1px; width:100%;background-color:#800000; margin-top: 1px; margin-bottom: 20px;border: 0 none\"\/>\n<strong>(a)<\/strong>  Desenvolvendo a pot\u00eancia que aparece na segunda parcela da express\u00e3o de [tex]f(x)[\/tex], obtemos:<br \/>\n[tex]\\qquad (2x+2020)^{2}= 4x^{2} + 2 \\cdot 2020 \\cdot 2x + 2020^{2}= 4(x^{2} + 2020 \\cdot x) + 2020^{2}[\/tex].<br \/>\nPara facilitar os c\u00e1lculos, faremos [tex]z=x^{2} +2020x[\/tex]; e, com isso, segue que:<br \/>\n[tex]\\qquad f(x)=(x^{2}+ 2020x-1)^{2} + 4(x^{2}+2020x) + 2020^{2}\\\\<br \/>\n\\qquad f(x)= (z-1)^{2} +4z+2020^{2}\\\\<br \/>\n\\qquad f(x)= z^{2}-2z+1+4z + 2020^{2}\\\\<br \/>\n\\qquad f(x)= z^{2} +2z+1+2020^{2} \\\\<br \/>\n\\qquad f(x)= (z+1)^{2}+ 2020^{2}\\\\<br \/>\n\\qquad f(x)=(x^{2}+ 2020x+1)^{2} + 2020^{2}.[\/tex]<br \/>\nComparando as duas express\u00f5es que definem a fun\u00e7\u00e3o [tex]f[\/tex], [tex]\\boxed{f(x)= (x^{2}+ 2020x+1)^{2} + 2020^{2}}\\,[\/tex] e [tex]\\,\\boxed{f(x)=(x^{2}+kx+1)^{2} +h}[\/tex], conclu\u00edmos que:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> [tex] \\fcolorbox{black}{#eee0e5}{$k=2020$}\\;[\/tex] e [tex]\\; \\fcolorbox{black}{#eee0e5}{$h=2020^{2}$}\\,.[\/tex]<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"margin:10px\">\n<p><strong>(b)<\/strong> Segue do item <strong>(a)<\/strong> que [tex]f(x)= (x^{2}+ 2020x+1)^{2} + 2020^{2}[\/tex].<br \/>\nAgora, observe que, como [tex]2020^2[\/tex] \u00e9 constante, a varia\u00e7\u00e3o de valores [tex]f(x)[\/tex] \u00e9 dada pela varia\u00e7\u00e3o de valores da express\u00e3o [tex] (x^{2}+ 2020x+1)^{2}[\/tex]. Assim, particularmente, se o menor valor assumido pela express\u00e3o [tex](x^{2}+ 2020x+1)^{2}[\/tex] for [tex]m[\/tex], ent\u00e3o  o valor m\u00ednimo da fun\u00e7\u00e3o [tex]f[\/tex] ser\u00e1 [tex]\\boxed{m+2020^2}\\,.[\/tex] Vamos, ent\u00e3o, determinar [tex]m\\,.[\/tex]<br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">Como [tex](x^{2}+ 2020x+1)^{2}\\geqslant 0[\/tex], \u00e9 tentador afirmar que o menor valor assumido por essa express\u00e3o seja  [tex]0[\/tex]; no entanto, precisamos verificar se, de fato, existe um valor real [tex]x_0[\/tex] tal que [tex](x_0^{2}+ 2020x_0+1)^{2}=0[\/tex]. Por exemplo, note que, embora [tex]\\left(a^2+5\\right)^2 \\geqslant 0[\/tex] e [tex]\\left(b^2+20\\right)^2 \\geqslant 0[\/tex], os menores valores assumidos por essas express\u00f5es s\u00e3o [tex]25[\/tex] e [tex]400[\/tex], respectivamente, e n\u00e3o zero.<\/span><br \/>\nPara analisar corretamente o menor valor da express\u00e3o [tex] (x^{2}+ 2020x+1)^{2}[\/tex], veja que a fun\u00e7\u00e3o quadr\u00e1tica [tex]g: \\mathbb{R}\\rightarrow \\mathbb{R}[\/tex] definida por [tex]g(x)=x^{2}+ 2020x+1[\/tex] possui duas ra\u00edzes reais, j\u00e1 que o seu discriminante \u00e9 maior do que [tex]0[\/tex] [tex](\\Delta = 2000^2-4\\cdot 1\\cdot 1 \\gt 0)[\/tex]. Assim, como a imagem dessas ra\u00edzes pela fun\u00e7\u00e3o [tex]g[\/tex] \u00e9 [tex]0[\/tex], existem dois n\u00fameros reais distintos [tex]r_1[\/tex] e [tex]r_2[\/tex] tais que [tex]r_1^{2}+ 2020r_1+1=0[\/tex] e [tex]r_2^{2}+ 2020r_2+1=0[\/tex].<br \/>\nDessa forma, existe de fato um n\u00famero real [tex]x_0[\/tex] (na verdade dois) tal que [tex]\\left(x_0^{2}+ 2020x_0+1\\right)^2=0[\/tex]; consequentemente [tex]m=0[\/tex] e o valor m\u00ednimo de [tex]f[\/tex] \u00e9 [tex]\\boxed{0+2020^2}[\/tex], ou seja [tex]\\fcolorbox{black}{#eee0e5}{$2020^2$}\\,.[\/tex]<\/p>\n<hr style=\"height:1px; width:100%;background-color:#800000; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 15px;border: 0 none\"\/>\n<p class=\"g2\" style=\"line-height:20px;\">Solu\u00e7\u00e3o elaborada pelos <strong>Moderadores do Blog<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"margin:40px\">\n<div class=\"g1n\" style=\"line-height:35px;\">\n<p class=\"tit\" style=\"line-height:28px;margin:10px\">Solu\u00e7\u00e3o 2<\/p>\n<hr style=\"height:1px; width:100%;background-color:#800000; margin-top: 1px; margin-bottom: 20px;border: 0 none\"\/>\n<strong>(a)<\/strong> Podemos reescrever a express\u00e3o que define [tex]f(x)[\/tex] como:<br \/>\n[tex]\\;\\;f(x)=(x^2+2020x-1)^{2}+(2x+2020)^{2}\\\\<br \/>\n\\;\\; f(x)=(x^2 + 2020x-1)\\cdot (x^2+2020x-1)+(2x+2020)^{2}\\\\<br \/>\n\\;\\; f(x)=x^{2}\\cdot (x^2+2020x-1)+2020x\\cdot (x^2+2020x-1)-1\\cdot (x^2+2020x-1)+\\\\<br \/>\n\\;\\; \\qquad \\quad  +\\left((2x)^{2} + 2\\cdot 2x \\cdot 2020+ 2020^{2}\\right)\\\\<br \/>\n\\;\\; f(x)= x^{4}+2020x^{3} -x^{2} + 2020x^{3} + 2020^{2} x^{2} -2020x -x^{2} -2020x +\\\\<br \/>\n\\;\\; \\qquad \\quad  + 1 +4x^{2} + 8080x + 2020^{2} \\\\<br \/>\n\\;\\; f(x)=x^{4}+4040 x^{3}+(2020^{2} + 2)x^{2}+4040x + (2020^{2} +1)\\,.\\qquad \\textcolor{#800000}{(i)}[\/tex]<br \/>\nPor outro lado, supondo que [tex]f(x) = (x^{2} + kx + 1)^{2} +h[\/tex], segue que:<br \/>\n[tex]\\; f(x)=(x^{2} + kx + 1)(x^{2} + kx + 1)+ h [\/tex]<br \/>\n[tex]\\; f(x)=x^{2}(x^{2} + kx + 1) + kx(x^{2} + kx + 1) + (x^{2} + kx + 1) + h  [\/tex]<br \/>\n[tex]\\; f(x)=x^{4} + x^{3}k + x^{2} +k x^{3}  + k^{2} x^{2} + kx + x^{2} + kx +1+h[\/tex]<br \/>\n[tex]\\; f(x)= x^{4} + 2kx^{3} + (k^{2}+2)x^{2} + 2kx +(h+1)\\,.\\qquad \\textcolor{#800000}{(ii)}[\/tex]<br \/>\nSegue de [tex]\\textcolor{#800000}{(i)}[\/tex]  e [tex]\\textcolor{#800000}{(ii)}[\/tex] que<br \/>\n[tex]\\qquad x^{4}+4040 x^{3}+(2020^{2} + 2)x^{2}+4040x + (2020^{2} +1)=\\\\<br \/>\n\\qquad = x^{4} + 2kx^{3} + (k^{2}+2)x^{2} + 2kx +(h+1)[\/tex]<br \/>\ne, portanto,<br \/>\n[tex]\\qquad \\left\\{ \\begin{array}{lll}<br \/>\n 4040=2k  &#038;  \\quad \\textcolor{#800000}{(a)} &#038;  \\\\<br \/>\n 2020^{2} + 2= k^{2} +2 &#038; \\quad \\textcolor{#800000}{(b)}  &#038;  \\\\<br \/>\n 4040 = 2k &#038;  \\quad \\textcolor{#800000}{(c)} &#038;  \\\\<br \/>\n 2020^{2} +1= h+1 &#038; \\quad \\textcolor{#800000}{(d)}  &#038;  \\\\<br \/>\n\\end{array}\\right.[\/tex]<br \/>\nAssim, de [tex]\\textcolor{#800000}{(d)}[\/tex] conclu\u00edmos que [tex] \\fcolorbox{black}{#eee0e5}{$h=2020^{2}$}[\/tex] e de [tex]\\textcolor{#800000}{(a)}[\/tex], [tex]\\textcolor{#800000}{(b)}[\/tex] e [tex]\\textcolor{#800000}{(c)}[\/tex] conclu\u00edmos que [tex] \\fcolorbox{black}{#eee0e5}{$k=2020$}\\,.[\/tex] <\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:10px\">\n<p><strong>(b)<\/strong> Segue do item <strong>(a)<\/strong> que [tex]f(x)= (x^{2}+ 2020x+1)^{2} + 2020^{2}[\/tex].<br \/>\nAgora, observe que, como [tex]2020^2[\/tex] \u00e9 constante, a varia\u00e7\u00e3o de valores [tex]f(x)[\/tex] \u00e9 dada pela varia\u00e7\u00e3o de valores da express\u00e3o [tex] (x^{2}+ 2020x+1)^{2}[\/tex]. Assim, particularmente, se o menor valor assumido pela express\u00e3o [tex](x^{2}+ 2020x+1)^{2}[\/tex] for [tex]m[\/tex], ent\u00e3o  o valor m\u00ednimo da fun\u00e7\u00e3o [tex]f[\/tex] ser\u00e1 [tex]\\boxed{m+2020^2}\\,.[\/tex] Vamos, ent\u00e3o, determinar [tex]m\\,.[\/tex]<br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">Como [tex](x^{2}+ 2020x+1)^{2}\\geqslant 0[\/tex], \u00e9 tentador afirmar que o menor valor assumido por essa express\u00e3o seja  [tex]0[\/tex]; no entanto, precisamos verificar se, de fato, existe um valor real [tex]x_0[\/tex] tal que [tex](x_0^{2}+ 2020x_0+1)^{2}=0[\/tex]. Por exemplo, note que, embora [tex]\\left(a^2+5\\right)^2 \\geqslant 0[\/tex] e [tex]\\left(b^2+20\\right)^2 \\geqslant 0[\/tex], o menor valor assumido por essas express\u00f5es s\u00e3o [tex]25[\/tex] e [tex]400[\/tex], respectivamente, e n\u00e3o zero.<\/span><br \/>\nPara analisar corretamente o menor valor da express\u00e3o [tex] (x^{2}+ 2020x+1)^{2}[\/tex], veja que a fun\u00e7\u00e3o quadr\u00e1tica [tex]g: \\mathbb{R}\\rightarrow \\mathbb{R}[\/tex] definida por [tex]g(x)=x^{2}+ 2020x+1[\/tex] possui duas ra\u00edzes reais, j\u00e1 que o seu discriminante \u00e9 maior do que [tex]0[\/tex] [tex](\\Delta = 2020^2-4\\cdot 1\\cdot 1 \\gt 0)[\/tex]. Assim, como a imagem dessas ra\u00edzes pela fun\u00e7\u00e3o [tex]g[\/tex] \u00e9 [tex]0[\/tex], existem dois n\u00fameros reais distintos [tex]r_1[\/tex] e [tex]r_2[\/tex] tais que [tex]r_1^{2}+ 2020r_1+1=0[\/tex] e [tex]r_2^{2}+ 2020r_2+1=0[\/tex].<br \/>\nDessa forma, existe de fato um n\u00famero real [tex]x_0[\/tex] (na verdade dois) tal que [tex]\\left(x_0^{2}+ 2020x_0+1\\right)^2=0[\/tex]; consequentemente [tex]m=0[\/tex] e o valor m\u00ednimo de [tex]f[\/tex] \u00e9 [tex]\\boxed{0+2020^2}[\/tex], ou seja, [tex]\\fcolorbox{black}{#eee0e5}{$2020^2$}\\,.[\/tex]<\/p>\n<hr style=\"height:1px; width:100%;background-color:#800000; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 15px;border: 0 none\"\/>\n<p class=\"g2\" style=\"line-height:20px;\">Solu\u00e7\u00e3o elaborada pelos <strong>Moderadores do Blog<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"margin:10px\">\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Problema (Indicado a partir do 3\u00ba ano do E. M.) Considere a fun\u00e7\u00e3o polinomial [tex]f: \\mathbb{R} \\rightarrow \\mathbb{R} [\/tex] definida por [tex]f(x)=(x^{2} +2020x-1)^{2} +(2x+ 2020)^{2}[\/tex]. (a) Encontre n\u00fameros reais [tex]k[\/tex] e [tex]h[\/tex] tais que [tex]f(x)=(x^{2}+kx+1)^{2} +h[\/tex]; (b) Encontre o valor m\u00ednimo da fun\u00e7\u00e3o [tex]f[\/tex]. (Adaptado do PROFMAT &#8211; ENQ2019.1) Solu\u00e7\u00e3o 1 (a) Desenvolvendo a pot\u00eancia &hellip; <\/p>\n<p><a class=\"more-link btn\" href=\"https:\/\/clubes.obmep.org.br\/blog\/problemao-o-calculo-do-valor-minimo-da-funcao\/\">Continue lendo<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":732,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"template-onecolumn.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-159743","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","nodate","item-wrap"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/clubes.obmep.org.br\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/159743","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/clubes.obmep.org.br\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/clubes.obmep.org.br\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/clubes.obmep.org.br\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/732"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/clubes.obmep.org.br\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=159743"}],"version-history":[{"count":27,"href":"https:\/\/clubes.obmep.org.br\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/159743\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":196980,"href":"https:\/\/clubes.obmep.org.br\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/159743\/revisions\/196980"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/clubes.obmep.org.br\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=159743"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}