{"id":155288,"date":"2020-06-12T18:53:56","date_gmt":"2020-06-12T21:53:56","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/clubes.obmep.org.br\/blog\/?page_id=155288"},"modified":"2023-06-14T04:04:48","modified_gmt":"2023-06-14T07:04:48","slug":"desafio-um-angulo-no-pentagono","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/clubes.obmep.org.br\/blog\/desafio-um-angulo-no-pentagono\/","title":{"rendered":".Desafio: Um \u00e2ngulo no pent\u00e1gono"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"margin:10px\">\n<div class=\"g1n\" style=\"line-height:25px;\">\n<p class=\"tit\" style=\"line-height:20px; margin-bottom: 10px;\">Problema<br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size:12px;color:#800000\"> (Indicado a partir do 9\u00ba ano do E. F.)<\/span><\/p>\n<hr style=\"height:1px; width:100%;background-color:#800000; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 20px;border: 0 none\"\/>\n<p>A partir da figura abaixo, calcule o \u00e2ngulo [tex]\\alpha[\/tex], sabendo que [tex]ABCDE[\/tex] \u00e9 um pent\u00e1gono, a medida dos \u00e2ngulos [tex]\\hat B\\,[\/tex] e [tex]\\,\\hat D[\/tex] \u00e9  [tex]90^\\circ[\/tex], [tex]AB=BC[\/tex], [tex]CD= DE[\/tex] e que [tex]M[\/tex] \u00e9 o ponto m\u00e9dio de [tex]\\overline{AE}[\/tex].<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/clubes.obmep.org.br\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Pent\u00e1gono.jpg\" style=\"border:none\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"390\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-155289\" srcset=\"https:\/\/clubes.obmep.org.br\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Pent\u00e1gono.jpg 300w, https:\/\/clubes.obmep.org.br\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Pent\u00e1gono-231x300.jpg 231w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:10px\">\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"margin:40px\">\n<div class=\"cb36 g1n\" style=\"margin:30px;line-height:30px; width:90%; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto; \">\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/clubes.obmep.org.br\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/01\/menino.jpg\" style=\"border:none\"  alt=\"explicador_p\" width=\"99\" height=\"120\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-1001\" \/> <\/p>\n<p class=\"c3 ti3\" style=\"line-height:20px; margin-bottom: 10px;\"> Lembretes<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"c3\"> <strong>(1)<\/strong> <\/span> Em todo pent\u00e1gono a soma das medidas dos \u00e2ngulos internos vale [tex]540^\\circ.[\/tex]<br \/>\n<span class=\"c3\"> <strong>(2)<\/strong> <\/span> <strong>Caso de congru\u00eancia de tri\u00e2ngulos L.A.L. (lado \u2013 \u00e2ngulo \u2013 lado):<\/strong> Se dois tri\u00e2ngulos t\u00eam ordenadamente congruentes dois lados e o \u00e2ngulo por eles definido, ent\u00e3o estes tri\u00e2ngulos s\u00e3o congruentes. <span style=\"font-size:12px;\"> (Se voc\u00ea n\u00e3o se lembra desse resultado, clique <a href=\"http:\/\/clubes.obmep.org.br\/blog\/?p=92799\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Sala para leitura: Um pouco sobre congru\u00eancia de tri\u00e2ngulos\"> <strong>AQUI<\/strong>.)<\/a><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"c3\"> <strong>(3)<\/strong> <\/span> Em todo tri\u00e2ngulo is\u00f3sceles a mediana relativa \u00e0 base \u00e9 tamb\u00e9m uma altura.<br \/>\n<span class=\"c3\" style=\"font-size: 25px;\"> &#10000; <\/span> <strong>Nota\u00e7\u00e3o:<\/strong> Denotaremos o segmento definido por dois pontos, digamos [tex]X[\/tex] e  [tex]Y[\/tex], por [tex]\\overline{XY}[\/tex] e o seu comprimento por [tex]XY[\/tex].<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:10px\">\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"margin:40px\">\n<div class=\"g1n\" style=\"line-height:28px;\">\n<p class=\"tit\" style=\"line-height:30px; margin-bottom: 10px;\">Solu\u00e7\u00e3o <\/p>\n<hr style=\"height:1px; width:100%;background-color:#800000; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 20px;border: 0 none\"\/>\n<p>Como  [tex]\\hat B\\,[\/tex] e [tex]\\,\\hat D[\/tex] s\u00e3o \u00e2ngulos retos, pelo <span class=\"c3\"> <strong>Lembrete (1)<\/strong><\/span>, podemos afirmar que a soma das medidas dos \u00e2ngulos [tex]\\hat A[\/tex], [tex]\\hat C[\/tex] e [tex]\\hat E[\/tex] vale [tex]360^\\circ[\/tex]. Denotaremos essas medidas de [tex]\\beta[\/tex], [tex]\\gamma[\/tex] e [tex]\\theta[\/tex], respectivamente.<br \/>\nAssim, [tex]\\beta+\\gamma+\\theta=360^\\circ\\,. \\qquad \\textcolor{#800000}{(i)}[\/tex]<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/clubes.obmep.org.br\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Pent\u00e1gono-S-1.jpg\"  style=\"border:none\" alt=\"\" width=\"289\" height=\"391\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-155300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/clubes.obmep.org.br\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Pent\u00e1gono-S-1.jpg 289w, https:\/\/clubes.obmep.org.br\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Pent\u00e1gono-S-1-222x300.jpg 222w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 289px) 100vw, 289px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Agora, vamos prolongar o segmento [tex]\\overline{MB}[\/tex] at\u00e9 um ponto [tex]P[\/tex] de modo que [tex]\\overline{MP}[\/tex] seja congruente a [tex]\\overline{MB}[\/tex] e construir o tri\u00e2ngulo [tex]MPE[\/tex].<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/clubes.obmep.org.br\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Pent\u00e1gono-S-2.jpg\" style=\"border:none\" alt=\"\" width=\"447\" height=\"417\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-155302\" srcset=\"https:\/\/clubes.obmep.org.br\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Pent\u00e1gono-S-2.jpg 447w, https:\/\/clubes.obmep.org.br\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Pent\u00e1gono-S-2-300x280.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 447px) 100vw, 447px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Note que os \u00e2ngulos [tex]A\\hat{M}B[\/tex] e [tex]P\\hat{M}E[\/tex] s\u00e3o opostos pelo v\u00e9rtice, logo possuem a mesma medida.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/clubes.obmep.org.br\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Pent\u00e1gono-S-3.jpg\" style=\"border:none\" alt=\"\" width=\"454\" height=\"412\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-155304\" srcset=\"https:\/\/clubes.obmep.org.br\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Pent\u00e1gono-S-3.jpg 454w, https:\/\/clubes.obmep.org.br\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Pent\u00e1gono-S-3-300x272.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 454px) 100vw, 454px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Dessa forma, pelo caso <strong>L.A.L<\/strong> (<span class=\"c3\"> <strong>Lembrete (2)<\/strong><\/span>), garantimos que os tri\u00e2ngulos [tex]BMA[\/tex] e [tex]PME[\/tex] s\u00e3o congruentes; logo, o segmento [tex]\\overline{AB}[\/tex] \u00e9 congruente ao segmento [tex]\\overline{EP}[\/tex] e os \u00e2ngulos [tex]M\\hat{A}B[\/tex] e [tex]M\\hat{E}P[\/tex] possuem a mesma medida.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/clubes.obmep.org.br\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Pent\u00e1gono-S-4.jpg\"  style=\"border:none\" alt=\"\" width=\"449\" height=\"414\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-155307\" srcset=\"https:\/\/clubes.obmep.org.br\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Pent\u00e1gono-S-4.jpg 449w, https:\/\/clubes.obmep.org.br\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Pent\u00e1gono-S-4-300x277.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 449px) 100vw, 449px\" \/> <\/p>\n<p>Note que, de acordo com a rela\u00e7\u00e3o [tex]\\textcolor{#800000}{(i)}[\/tex], para termos um \u00e2ngulo de uma volta completa em torno do ponto [tex]E[\/tex], o \u00e2ngulo [tex]P\\hat{E}D[\/tex] s\u00f3 pode ter medida [tex]\\gamma[\/tex].<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/clubes.obmep.org.br\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Pent\u00e1gono-S-5.jpg\" style=\"border:none\" alt=\"\" width=\"447\" height=\"413\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-155312\" srcset=\"https:\/\/clubes.obmep.org.br\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Pent\u00e1gono-S-5.jpg 447w, https:\/\/clubes.obmep.org.br\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Pent\u00e1gono-S-5-300x277.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 447px) 100vw, 447px\" \/><br \/>\nTra\u00e7ando os segmentos [tex]\\overline{PD}[\/tex] e [tex]\\overline{BD}[\/tex], notamos, novamente pelo <strong>caso L.A.L.<\/strong>, que os tri\u00e2ngulos [tex]PED[\/tex] e [tex]BCD[\/tex] s\u00e3o congruentes.<br \/>\nAssim, os segmentos [tex]\\overline{PD}[\/tex] e [tex]\\overline{BD}[\/tex] s\u00e3o congruentes.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/clubes.obmep.org.br\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Pent\u00e1gono-S-6.jpg\" style=\"border:none\"  alt=\"\" width=\"450\" height=\"413\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-155315\" srcset=\"https:\/\/clubes.obmep.org.br\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Pent\u00e1gono-S-6.jpg 450w, https:\/\/clubes.obmep.org.br\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Pent\u00e1gono-S-6-300x275.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 450px) 100vw, 450px\" \/>  <\/p>\n<p>Com isso, o tri\u00e2ngulo [tex]BDP[\/tex] \u00e9 is\u00f3sceles (dois lados congruentes: [tex]BD=PD[\/tex]) e [tex]\\overline{DM}[\/tex] \u00e9 a mediana relativa \u00e0 base.<br \/>\nPelo <span class=\"c3\"> <strong>Lembrete (3)<\/strong><\/span>, [tex]\\overline{DM}[\/tex] tamb\u00e9m \u00e9 altura; portanto,  [tex]\\,\\fcolorbox{black}{#eee0e5}{$\\alpha=90 ^\\circ$}\\,.[\/tex]<\/p>\n<hr style=\"height:1px; width:100%;background-color:#800000; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 15px;border: 0 none\"\/>\n<p class=\"g2\" style=\"line-height:20px;\">Solu\u00e7\u00e3o elaborada pelos <strong>Moderadores do Blog<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"margin:10px\">\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Problema (Indicado a partir do 9\u00ba ano do E. F.) A partir da figura abaixo, calcule o \u00e2ngulo [tex]\\alpha[\/tex], sabendo que [tex]ABCDE[\/tex] \u00e9 um pent\u00e1gono, a medida dos \u00e2ngulos [tex]\\hat B\\,[\/tex] e [tex]\\,\\hat D[\/tex] \u00e9 [tex]90^\\circ[\/tex], [tex]AB=BC[\/tex], [tex]CD= DE[\/tex] e que [tex]M[\/tex] \u00e9 o ponto m\u00e9dio de [tex]\\overline{AE}[\/tex]. Lembretes (1) Em todo pent\u00e1gono a soma &hellip; <\/p>\n<p><a class=\"more-link btn\" href=\"https:\/\/clubes.obmep.org.br\/blog\/desafio-um-angulo-no-pentagono\/\">Continue lendo<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":668,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"template-onecolumn.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-155288","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","nodate","item-wrap"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/clubes.obmep.org.br\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/155288","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/clubes.obmep.org.br\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/clubes.obmep.org.br\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/clubes.obmep.org.br\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/668"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/clubes.obmep.org.br\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=155288"}],"version-history":[{"count":32,"href":"https:\/\/clubes.obmep.org.br\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/155288\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":194503,"href":"https:\/\/clubes.obmep.org.br\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/155288\/revisions\/194503"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/clubes.obmep.org.br\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=155288"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}