{"id":131015,"date":"2019-07-04T21:21:26","date_gmt":"2019-07-05T00:21:26","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/clubes.obmep.org.br\/blog\/?page_id=131015"},"modified":"2023-06-02T03:35:38","modified_gmt":"2023-06-02T06:35:38","slug":"problema-para-ajudar-na-escola-um-desafio-geometrico","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/clubes.obmep.org.br\/blog\/problema-para-ajudar-na-escola-um-desafio-geometrico\/","title":{"rendered":".Desafio: Um desafio geom\u00e9trico"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"margin:10px\">\n<div class=\"g1n\" style=\"line-height:25px;\">\n<p class=\"tit\" style=\"line-height:20px; margin-bottom: 10px;\">Problema<br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size:12px;color:#800000\"> (Indicado a partir do 9\u00ba ano do E. F.)<\/span><\/p>\n<hr style=\"height:1px; width:100%;background-color:#800000; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 20px;border: 0 none\"\/>\n<p>(<strong>XXXIII OPM<\/strong>, 2015) No paralelogramo [tex]ABCD[\/tex] da figura abaixo,<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>[tex]P[\/tex] \u00e9 um ponto do segmento [tex]\\overline{DC}[\/tex];<\/li>\n<li>o ponto [tex]Q[\/tex] \u00e9 a interse\u00e7\u00e3o da diagonal [tex]\\overline{AC} [\/tex] com a reta que passa por [tex]P[\/tex] e \u00e9 paralela ao segmento [tex]\\overline{AD}[\/tex]. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div id=\"attachment_127370\" style=\"width: 551px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-127370\" src=\"http:\/\/clubes.obmep.org.br\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/prob327.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"551\" height=\"210\" class=\"size-full wp-image-127370\" srcset=\"https:\/\/clubes.obmep.org.br\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/prob327.png 551w, https:\/\/clubes.obmep.org.br\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/prob327-300x114.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 551px) 100vw, 551px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-127370\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Figura n\u00e3o proporcional aos dados do problema<\/p><\/div>\n<p>Sabendo que a \u00e1rea do tri\u00e2ngulo [tex]PBQ [\/tex] \u00e9  [tex]2 \\, cm^2[\/tex] e a \u00e1rea do tri\u00e2ngulo [tex]ABP [\/tex] \u00e9 [tex]6 \\, cm^2[\/tex], determine as \u00e1reas em [tex]cm^2[\/tex] dos tri\u00e2ngulos [tex]ADC \\, [\/tex] e [tex] \\, PBC[\/tex].<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:10px; font-size:12px;\"><strong>Nota\u00e7\u00f5es: <\/strong><br \/>\n&#8211; Denotaremos o segmento definido por dois pontos, digamos [tex]X[\/tex] e [tex]Y[\/tex], por [tex]\\overline{XY}[\/tex]  e o seu comprimento por [tex]XY[\/tex].<br \/>\n&#8211; Denotaremos a \u00e1rea de um tri\u00e2ngulo [tex]XYZ[\/tex], por exemplo, por [tex][XYZ].[\/tex]<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:10px\">\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"margin:40px\">\n<div class=\"cb36 g1\" style=\"margin:30px;line-height:27px; width:95%; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto; \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/clubes.obmep.org.br\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/01\/menino.jpg\" style=\"border:none\"  alt=\"explicador_p\" width=\"72\" height=\"86\" class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-1001\" \/> <\/p>\n<p class=\"c3 ti3\" style=\"line-height:20px; margin-bottom: 10px;\"> AJUDA<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:10px\">\n<p><strong>Defini\u00e7\u00e3o:<\/strong> Um quadril\u00e1tero convexo cujos lados opostos s\u00e3o paralelos \u00e9 denominado <strong><em>paralelogramo<\/em><\/strong>.<br \/>\n<strong>Propriedades: <\/strong><br \/>\n<span class=\"c3\"><strong>(1)<\/strong><\/span> Lados opostos de um paralelogramo s\u00e3o congruentes, ou seja, t\u00eam mesma medida.<br \/>\n<span class=\"c3\"> <strong>(2)<\/strong> <\/span> <strong> Caso de Semelhan\u00e7a A.A.<\/strong> (\u00e2ngulo \u2013 \u00e2ngulo): Se dois \u00e2ngulos de um tri\u00e2ngulo s\u00e3o congruentes a dois \u00e2ngulos de outro tri\u00e2ngulo, ent\u00e3o estes tri\u00e2ngulos s\u00e3o semelhantes.<br \/>\n<span class=\"c3\"> <strong>(3)<\/strong> <\/span> A raz\u00e3o entre as \u00e1reas de dois tri\u00e2ngulos semelhantes \u00e9 o quadrado da raz\u00e3o de semelhan\u00e7a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:10px\">\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"margin:40px\">\n<div class=\"g1n\" style=\"line-height:33px;\">\n<p class=\"tit\" style=\"line-height:30px; margin-bottom: 10px;\">Solu\u00e7\u00e3o <\/p>\n<hr style=\"height:1px; width:100%;background-color:#800000; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 30px;border: 0 none\"\/>\n<ul>\n<li>Ao prolongarmos os segmentos [tex]\\overline{DC}[\/tex] e [tex]\\overline{AB}[\/tex], podemos observar que os tri\u00e2ngulos  [tex]ACD \\, [\/tex], [tex] \\, ACB \\, [\/tex] e [tex] \\, ABP \\, [\/tex] t\u00eam alturas com o mesmo comprimento [tex]\\textcolor{red}{h}[\/tex]. Dessa forma, esses tri\u00e2ngulos t\u00eam a mesma \u00e1rea, j\u00e1 que as bases relativas \u00e0s respectivas alturas de comprimento [tex]\\textcolor{red}{h}[\/tex] t\u00eam a mesma medida, devido \u00e0 <span class=\"c3\"><strong>Propriedade (1)<\/strong><\/span> da AJUDA.<br \/>\nCom isso, como a \u00e1rea do tri\u00e2ngulo [tex]ABP[\/tex] \u00e9 [tex]6 \\, cm^2[\/tex], ent\u00e3o a \u00e1rea do tri\u00e2ngulo [tex]ACD \\, [\/tex] \u00e9 tamb\u00e9m [tex] \\, \\boxed{6 \\, cm^2} \\, .[\/tex]<\/li>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/clubes.obmep.org.br\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/prob327_1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"555\" height=\"224\" style=\"border:none\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-130965\" srcset=\"https:\/\/clubes.obmep.org.br\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/prob327_1.png 555w, https:\/\/clubes.obmep.org.br\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/prob327_1-300x121.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 555px) 100vw, 555px\" \/><\/p>\n<li>Ao prolongarmos os segmentos [tex]\\overline{PQ}[\/tex] e [tex]\\overline{CB}[\/tex], podemos notar que os tri\u00e2ngulos  [tex]PQB \\, [\/tex] e [tex] \\, PQC \\, [\/tex] t\u00eam alturas relativas \u00e0 base comum [tex]\\overline{PQ}[\/tex] com o mesmo comprimento [tex]t[\/tex], pois os segmentos [tex]\\overline{PQ}[\/tex] e [tex]\\overline{CB}[\/tex] s\u00e3o paralelos (hip\u00f3tese do problema e <span class=\"c3\"><strong>Defini\u00e7\u00e3o <\/strong><\/span> da AJUDA ).<br \/>\nCom isso, os tri\u00e2ngulos [tex]PQB \\, [\/tex]  e [tex] \\, PQC[\/tex] t\u00eam a mesma \u00e1rea. Como a \u00e1rea do tri\u00e2ngulo  [tex]PBQ [\/tex] \u00e9  [tex]2 \\, cm^2[\/tex], a \u00e1rea do tri\u00e2ngulo [tex]PQC[\/tex] tamb\u00e9m ser\u00e1 [tex]\\boxed{2 \\, cm^2} \\, .[\/tex] <\/li>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/clubes.obmep.org.br\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/prob327_2.png\" style=\"border:none\"  alt=\"\" width=\"606\" height=\"324\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-130976\" srcset=\"https:\/\/clubes.obmep.org.br\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/prob327_2.png 606w, https:\/\/clubes.obmep.org.br\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/prob327_2-300x160.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 606px) 100vw, 606px\" \/><\/p>\n<li>Observando os tri\u00e2ngulos [tex]DCA \\, [\/tex]  e [tex] \\, PCQ[\/tex] e utilizando a <span class=\"c3\"><strong>Propriedade(2)<\/strong><\/span> da AJUDA, podemos concluir que eles s\u00e3o semelhantes.<\/li>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/clubes.obmep.org.br\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/prob327_3.png\"  style=\"border:none\" alt=\"\" width=\"561\" height=\"211\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-130985\" srcset=\"https:\/\/clubes.obmep.org.br\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/prob327_3.png 561w, https:\/\/clubes.obmep.org.br\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/prob327_3-300x113.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 561px) 100vw, 561px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Assim, pela <span class=\"c3\"><strong>Propriedade (3)<\/strong><\/span> da AJUDA, segue que:<br \/>\n[tex] \\qquad \\dfrac{[DCA]}{[PCQ]}= \\dfrac{CD^2}{CP^2}\\\\<br \/>\n \\,  \\, [\/tex]<br \/>\n[tex] \\qquad \\dfrac{6}{2}= \\dfrac{CD^2}{CP^2}\\\\<br \/>\n \\,  \\, [\/tex]<br \/>\n[tex] \\qquad \\left(\\dfrac{CD}{CP}\\right)^2=3\\\\<br \/>\n \\,  \\, [\/tex]<br \/>\n[tex] \\qquad \\dfrac{CD}{CP}=\\sqrt{3}\\\\<br \/>\n \\,  \\, [\/tex]<br \/>\n[tex] \\qquad CP=\\dfrac{CD}{\\sqrt{3}}.[\/tex]<\/p>\n<li>Ao prolongarmos o segmento [tex]\\overline{CD}[\/tex], notamos que os tri\u00e2ngulos [tex]PCB \\, [\/tex] e [tex] \\, PCA \\, [\/tex] t\u00eam alturas relativas \u00e0 base comum [tex]\\overline{PC}[\/tex] com o mesmo comprimento [tex]k[\/tex], pois os segmentos [tex]\\overline{DC}[\/tex] e [tex]\\overline{AB}[\/tex] s\u00e3o paralelos (<span class=\"c3\"><strong>Propriedade (1)<\/strong><\/span> da AJUDA).<br \/>\nCom isso, os tri\u00e2ngulos [tex]PCB \\, [\/tex]  e [tex] \\, PCA[\/tex] t\u00eam a mesma \u00e1rea.<\/li>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/clubes.obmep.org.br\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/prob327_4.png\"  style=\"border:none\"   alt=\"\" width=\"566\" height=\"223\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-130999\" srcset=\"https:\/\/clubes.obmep.org.br\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/prob327_4.png 566w, https:\/\/clubes.obmep.org.br\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/prob327_4-300x118.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 566px) 100vw, 566px\" \/>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Finalmente, temos que:<br \/>\n[tex]\\qquad [PBC]=[PCA]\\\\ \\,  \\, [\/tex]<br \/>\n[tex]\\qquad [PBC]=\\dfrac{CP \\times k}{2}\\\\ \\,  \\, [\/tex]<br \/>\n[tex]\\qquad [PBC]=CP \\times \\dfrac{k}{2}\\\\ \\,  \\, [\/tex]<br \/>\n[tex]\\qquad [PBC]=\\dfrac{CD}{\\sqrt{3}} \\times \\dfrac{ k}{2}\\\\ \\,  \\, [\/tex]<br \/>\n[tex]\\qquad [PBC]=\\dfrac{1}{\\sqrt{3}} \\times \\dfrac{CD \\times k}{2}\\\\ \\,  \\, [\/tex]<br \/>\n[tex]\\qquad [PBC]=\\dfrac{1}{\\sqrt{3}} \\times [ACD]\\\\ \\,  \\, [\/tex]<br \/>\n[tex]\\qquad [PBC]=\\dfrac{1}{\\sqrt{3}} \\times 6\\\\ \\,  \\, [\/tex]<br \/>\n[tex]\\qquad [PBC]=\\dfrac{6}{\\sqrt{3}}\\\\ \\,  \\, [\/tex]<br \/>\n[tex]\\qquad [PBC]=\\dfrac{6 \\times \\sqrt{3}}{3}\\\\ \\,  \\, [\/tex]<br \/>\n[tex]\\qquad [PBC]=2 \\, \\sqrt{3} \\, cm^2[\/tex]<\/p>\n<p>Por tudo que foi exposto, temos que as \u00e1reas dos tri\u00e2ngulos [tex]ADC \\, [\/tex] e [tex] \\, PBC[\/tex] s\u00e3o [tex] \\, \\fcolorbox{black}{#eee0e5}{$6 \\, cm^2$} \\, [\/tex] e [tex] \\, \\fcolorbox{black}{#eee0e5}{$2 \\, \\sqrt{3} \\, cm^2$} \\, [\/tex], respectivamente.<\/p>\n<hr style=\"height:1px; width:100%;background-color:#800000; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 15px;border: 0 none\"\/>\n<p class=\"g2\" style=\"line-height:20px;\">Solu\u00e7\u00e3o elaborada pelos <strong>Moderadores do Blog<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"margin:10px\">\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Problema (Indicado a partir do 9\u00ba ano do E. F.) (XXXIII OPM, 2015) No paralelogramo [tex]ABCD[\/tex] da figura abaixo, [tex]P[\/tex] \u00e9 um ponto do segmento [tex]\\overline{DC}[\/tex]; o ponto [tex]Q[\/tex] \u00e9 a interse\u00e7\u00e3o da diagonal [tex]\\overline{AC} [\/tex] com a reta que passa por [tex]P[\/tex] e \u00e9 paralela ao segmento [tex]\\overline{AD}[\/tex]. Sabendo que a \u00e1rea do tri\u00e2ngulo &hellip; <\/p>\n<p><a class=\"more-link btn\" href=\"https:\/\/clubes.obmep.org.br\/blog\/problema-para-ajudar-na-escola-um-desafio-geometrico\/\">Continue lendo<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"template-onecolumn.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-131015","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","nodate","item-wrap"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/clubes.obmep.org.br\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/131015","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/clubes.obmep.org.br\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/clubes.obmep.org.br\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/clubes.obmep.org.br\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/clubes.obmep.org.br\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=131015"}],"version-history":[{"count":18,"href":"https:\/\/clubes.obmep.org.br\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/131015\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":192900,"href":"https:\/\/clubes.obmep.org.br\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/131015\/revisions\/192900"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/clubes.obmep.org.br\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=131015"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}