{"id":108385,"date":"2018-08-30T17:01:34","date_gmt":"2018-08-30T20:01:34","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/clubes.obmep.org.br\/blog\/?page_id=108385"},"modified":"2023-05-03T19:23:05","modified_gmt":"2023-05-03T22:23:05","slug":"problemao-funcao-f","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/clubes.obmep.org.br\/blog\/problemao-funcao-f\/","title":{"rendered":".Problem\u00e3o: Fun\u00e7\u00e3o f"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"margin:10px\">\n<div class=\"g1n\" style=\"line-height:28px;\">\n<p class=\"tit\" style=\"line-height:25px;margin:10px\">Problema<br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size:12px;color:#800000\"> (Indicado a partir do 2\u00ba ano do E. M.)<\/span><\/p>\n<hr style=\"height:1px; width:100%;background-color:#800000; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 20px;border: 0 none\"\/>\n<p>Seja [tex]f:\\mathbb{R}\\rightarrow\\mathbb{R}[\/tex] uma fun\u00e7\u00e3o n\u00e3o constante tal que <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>[tex]f(x+y)=f(x)\\cdot f(y)[\/tex],  [tex]\\forall\\, x,\\, y\\, \\in \\mathbb{R}[\/tex]. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>(a)<\/strong> Determine o valor de [tex]f(0)[\/tex].<br \/>\n<strong>(b)<\/strong> Mostre que [tex]f(x)\\gt 0, \\, \\forall \\, x \\, \\in \\mathbb{R}[\/tex].<br \/>\n<strong>(c)<\/strong> A fun\u00e7\u00e3o [tex]f[\/tex] \u00e9 sobrejetiva?<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:20px\">\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"margin:30px\">\n<div class=\"g1n\" style=\"line-height:28px;\">\n<p class=\"tit\" style=\"line-height:30px;margin:10px\">Solu\u00e7\u00e3o <\/p>\n<hr style=\"height:1px; width:100%;background-color:#800000; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 20px;border: 0 none\"\/>\n<p><strong>(a)<\/strong> Observe que, se [tex]x \\in \\mathbb{R}[\/tex], ent\u00e3o particularmente [tex]f\\left(\\dfrac{x}{2}+\\dfrac{x}{2}\\right)=f\\left(\\dfrac{x}{2}\\right)\\cdot f\\left(\\dfrac{x}{2}\\right).[\/tex]<br \/>\nDessa forma,<br \/>\n[tex]\\qquad f(0+0)=f(0)\\cdot f(0)[\/tex],<br \/>\n ou seja,<br \/>\n[tex]\\qquad f(0)=\\left(f(0)\\right)^2[\/tex],<br \/>\nou ainda<br \/>\n[tex]\\qquad \\left(f(0)\\right)^2-f(0)=0 \\, . \\qquad \\qquad \\textcolor{#800000}{(i)}[\/tex]<br \/>\nObserve que a igualdade [tex]\\textcolor{#800000}{(i)}[\/tex] nos garante que [tex]f(0)[\/tex] \u00e9 raiz da equa\u00e7\u00e3o [tex]x^2-x=0 \\, [\/tex], cujas solu\u00e7\u00f5es s\u00e3o  [tex]x_1=0 \\, [\/tex] e [tex] \\, x_2=1.[\/tex] Assim, [tex]f(0)=0 \\, [\/tex] ou [tex] \\, f(0)=1.[\/tex]<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Se [tex]f(0)=0[\/tex], teremos a fun\u00e7\u00e3o constante [tex]f(x)=0 \\, [\/tex], uma vez que [tex]f(x)=f(x+0)=f(x)\\cdot f(0)=0,\\,  \\forall x \\, \\in\\,  \\mathbb{R}.[\/tex]<br \/>\nComo [tex]f[\/tex] n\u00e3o \u00e9 uma fun\u00e7\u00e3o constante, temos [tex] \\, \\fcolorbox{black}{#eee0e5}{$f(0)=1$} \\, .[\/tex]<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"margin:30px\">\n<p><strong>(b)<\/strong> Como [tex]f\\left(\\dfrac{x}{2}+\\dfrac{x}{2}\\right)=f\\left(\\dfrac{x}{2}\\right)\\cdot f\\left(\\dfrac{x}{2}\\right),[\/tex]  segue que<br \/>\n[tex]\\qquad \\qquad f(x)=\\left(f\\left(\\dfrac{x}{2}\\right)\\right)^2 \\textcolor{red}{\\geq} 0,\\, \\forall \\, x \\in \\, \\mathbb{R}.[\/tex]<br \/>\nPara garantirmos que [tex]f(x)\\textcolor{red}{\\gt} 0, \\, \\forall \\, x \\, \\in \\mathbb{R}[\/tex], falta provar que [tex]f(x) \\textcolor{red}{\\neq} \\, 0\\,   \\forall \\, x \\in \\, \\mathbb{R}.[\/tex]<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Com efeito, se existisse um n\u00famero real  [tex]a[\/tex] tal que [tex]f(a)=0,[\/tex] ter\u00edamos [tex]f(x)=f(x+a-a)=f(x-a)\\cdot f(a) =0, \\,   \\forall \\, x \\in \\, \\mathbb{R} \\, .[\/tex]<br \/>\nMas, se [tex]f[\/tex] se anula em um ponto [tex]a[\/tex], [tex]f[\/tex] \u00e9 constante igual a zero, o que contradiz o enunciado.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Assim, [tex] \\, \\fcolorbox{black}{#eee0e5}{$f(x)\\gt 0,\\, \\forall \\, x \\in \\, \\mathbb{R}$}.[\/tex]<\/p>\n<p><strong>(c)<\/strong> Observe, pelo <strong>item b<\/strong>, que [tex]f(x)\\gt 0,\\, \\forall \\, x \\in \\, \\mathbb{R}[\/tex]. Assim, o conjunto imagem de [tex]f[\/tex] \u00e9 formado apenas por n\u00fameros reais positivos e, com isso, observamos que o contradom\u00ednio de [tex]f[\/tex] \u00e9 diferente do conjunto imagem [tex]\\left(Im(f) \\subset \\mathbb{R_+^*}  \\ne \\mathbb{R}\\right)[\/tex].<br \/>\nLogo [tex] \\, \\fcolorbox{black}{#eee0e5}{$f \\text{ n\u00e3o \u00e9 sobrejetiva}$} \\, .[\/tex]<\/p>\n<hr style=\"height:1px; width:100%;background-color:#800000; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 15px;border: 0 none\"\/>\n<p class=\"g2\" style=\"line-height:20px;\">Solu\u00e7\u00e3o elaborada pelos <strong>Moderadores do Blog<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Problema (Indicado a partir do 2\u00ba ano do E. M.) Seja [tex]f:\\mathbb{R}\\rightarrow\\mathbb{R}[\/tex] uma fun\u00e7\u00e3o n\u00e3o constante tal que [tex]f(x+y)=f(x)\\cdot f(y)[\/tex], [tex]\\forall\\, x,\\, y\\, \\in \\mathbb{R}[\/tex]. (a) Determine o valor de [tex]f(0)[\/tex]. (b) Mostre que [tex]f(x)\\gt 0, \\, \\forall \\, x \\, \\in \\mathbb{R}[\/tex]. (c) A fun\u00e7\u00e3o [tex]f[\/tex] \u00e9 sobrejetiva? Solu\u00e7\u00e3o (a) Observe que, se [tex]x &hellip; <\/p>\n<p><a class=\"more-link btn\" href=\"https:\/\/clubes.obmep.org.br\/blog\/problemao-funcao-f\/\">Continue lendo<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":620,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"template-onecolumn.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-108385","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","nodate","item-wrap"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/clubes.obmep.org.br\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/108385","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/clubes.obmep.org.br\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/clubes.obmep.org.br\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/clubes.obmep.org.br\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/620"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/clubes.obmep.org.br\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=108385"}],"version-history":[{"count":56,"href":"https:\/\/clubes.obmep.org.br\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/108385\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":188738,"href":"https:\/\/clubes.obmep.org.br\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/108385\/revisions\/188738"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/clubes.obmep.org.br\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=108385"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}