{"id":105294,"date":"2018-06-19T21:38:35","date_gmt":"2018-06-20T00:38:35","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/clubes.obmep.org.br\/blog\/?page_id=105294"},"modified":"2023-04-30T02:58:03","modified_gmt":"2023-04-30T05:58:03","slug":"problema-subconjuntos-de-texmathbbrtex","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/clubes.obmep.org.br\/blog\/problema-subconjuntos-de-texmathbbrtex\/","title":{"rendered":".Problema: Subconjuntos de [tex]\\mathbb{R}[\/tex]"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"margin:10px\">\n<div class=\"g1n\" style=\"line-height:30px;\">\n<p class=\"tit\" style=\"line-height:25px;margin:10px\">Problema<br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size:12px;color:#800000\"> (Indicado a partir do 1\u00ba ano do E. M.)<\/span><\/p>\n<hr style=\"height:1px; width:100%;background-color:#800000; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 20px;border: 0 none\"\/>\nConsidere os seguintes subconjuntos de [tex]\\mathbb{R}:[\/tex]<br \/>\n[tex]\\qquad A\\ =\\ \\{a\\,\\, |\\,\\, a=2n-1, \\,\\, n\\,\\, \\in\\,\\, \\mathbb{Z}  \\}[\/tex]<br \/>\n[tex]\\qquad B=\\ \\{b\\,\\, |\\,\\, b \\,\\, \u00e9\\,\\, n\u00famero\\,\\, natural \\,\\, e \\,\\, primo\\}[\/tex]<br \/>\n[tex]\\qquad C=\\left\\{ c\\,\\, | \\,\\, c=\\frac{p}{q},\\,\\, p,\\,\\, \\,\\, q \\,\\, \\in\\ \\mathbb{Z},\\,\\, q\\neq 0, \\,\\, p\\,\\, e\\,\\, q\\,\\, primos\\,\\, entre\\,\\, si\\right\\}[\/tex]<\/p>\n<p>Determine se as afirmativas a seguir s\u00e3o verdadeiras ou falsas. Justifique suas respostas.<\/p>\n<p><strong>(a)<\/strong> [tex]A\\supset B.[\/tex]<br \/>\n<strong>(b)<\/strong> Se [tex]b_1\\, ,\\, b_2 \\, \\in \\, B,[\/tex] ent\u00e3o [tex]b_1+b_2\\, \\in B.[\/tex]<br \/>\n<strong>(c)<\/strong> [tex]B \\subset C[\/tex].<br \/>\n<strong>(d)<\/strong> [tex]\\frac{\\sqrt{3}}{3} \\in\\ C.[\/tex] <\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:20px\">\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"margin:30px\">\n<div class=\"g1n\" style=\"line-height:30px;\">\n<p class=\"tit\" style=\"line-height:30px;margin:10px\">Solu\u00e7\u00e3o <\/p>\n<hr style=\"height:1px; width:100%;background-color:#800000; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 20px;border: 0 none\"\/>\n<strong>(a)<\/strong> A afirma\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 <strong>falsa<\/strong>.<br \/>\nObserve que [tex]A[\/tex] \u00e9 o conjunto dos n\u00fameros inteiros \u00edmpares.<br \/>\nVeja tamb\u00e9m que [tex]2\\in B[\/tex], mas [tex]2\\notin A[\/tex]; logo, [tex]B \\not\\subset A\\, [\/tex], ou seja,  [tex]\\fcolorbox{#aaaaaa}{#E8E8E8}{$A\\not\\supset B$}\\, .[\/tex]<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:20px\">\n<p><strong>(b)<\/strong> A afirma\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 <strong>falsa<\/strong>.<br \/>\nPara justificar a falsidade da afirma\u00e7\u00e3o, vamos mostrar um contraexemplo: observe que [tex]\\fcolorbox{#aaaaaa}{#E8E8E8}{$3\\, ,\\, 5 \\ \\in\\ B$}\\, [\/tex], mas [tex]\\fcolorbox{#aaaaaa}{#E8E8E8}{$3+5=8 \\not\\in B$}\\, .[\/tex]<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:20px\">\n<p><strong>(c)<\/strong> A afirma\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 <strong>verdadeira<\/strong>.<br \/>\nPara justificar a veracidade da afirma\u00e7\u00e3o temos que garantir que todo elemento de [tex]B[\/tex] \u00e9 tamb\u00e9m elemento de [tex]C\\, .[\/tex]<br \/>\nPara tanto, seja [tex]\\fcolorbox{#aaaaaa}{#E8E8E8}{$b \\in B$}\\, [\/tex]; assim, [tex]b[\/tex] \u00e9 um n\u00famero natural primo.<br \/>\nAgora, observe que:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> [tex]b[\/tex] pode ser escrito como [tex]\\boxed{\\frac{b}{1}}\\, .[\/tex]<\/li>\n<li>Como [tex]b\\, ,\\, 1\\, \\in \\mathbb{N}[\/tex] e [tex] \\mathbb{N} \\subset \\mathbb{Z}[\/tex], ent\u00e3o  [tex]\\boxed{b\\, ,\\, 1\\, \\in \\mathbb{Z}}\\, .[\/tex]<\/li>\n<li>[tex]\\boxed{1 \\ne 0}\\, .[\/tex]<\/li>\n<li>Al\u00e9m disso, como o \u00fanico divisor positivo de [tex]1[\/tex] \u00e9 o pr\u00f3prio [tex]1[\/tex], ent\u00e3o [tex]mdc(1\\, ,\\, b)=1[\/tex], ou seja, [tex]\\boxed{b \\text{ e } 1 \\text{ s\u00e3o primos entre si}}[\/tex]<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Assim, [tex]b=\\dfrac{b}{1}[\/tex], com [tex]b\\, ,\\, 1\\, \\in \\mathbb{Z}\\, , 1 \\ne 0\\, [\/tex], e [tex]b[\/tex] e [tex]1[\/tex] primos entre si.<br \/>\nPortanto  [tex]\\fcolorbox{#aaaaaa}{#E8E8E8}{$b \\in C$}\\, [\/tex], o que garante que, de fato, todo elemento de [tex]B[\/tex] \u00e9 tamb\u00e9m elemento de [tex]C\\, .[\/tex]<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:20px\">\n<p><strong>(d)<\/strong> A afirma\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 <strong>falsa<\/strong>.<br \/>\nAqui, vamos raciocinar por contradi\u00e7\u00e3o: vamos supor que a afirma\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 verdadeira e mostrar que essa suposi\u00e7\u00e3o acarreta uma contradi\u00e7\u00e3o matem\u00e1tica.<br \/>\nSuponhamos, ent\u00e3o, que a afirma\u00e7\u00e3o fosse verdadeira. Assim, seria  poss\u00edvel encontrar [tex]p,q\\in\\mathbb{Z}[\/tex] (com [tex]q\\neq 0[\/tex]) tais que [tex]\\dfrac{\\sqrt{3}}{3}=\\dfrac{p}{q}[\/tex].<br \/>\nDa\u00ed, ter\u00edamos [tex]\\sqrt{3}=\\dfrac{3p}{q}[\/tex] com [tex] 3p,q\\in\\mathbb{Z}\\, [\/tex] e, portanto, [tex]\\sqrt3[\/tex] seria um n\u00famero racional. Mas isto \u00e9 uma contradi\u00e7\u00e3o,  j\u00e1 que sabemos que [tex]\\sqrt3[\/tex] \u00e9 irracional.<br \/>\nTal contradi\u00e7\u00e3o veio de assumirmos como verdadeira a afirma\u00e7\u00e3o de que [tex]\\boxed{\\frac{\\sqrt{3}}{3}\\ \\in\\ C}\\, [\/tex]; portanto, [tex]\\fcolorbox{#aaaaaa}{#E8E8E8}{$\\dfrac{\\sqrt{3}}{3} \\not\\in C $}\\, [\/tex].<\/p>\n<hr style=\"height:1px; width:100%;background-color:#800000; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 15px;border: 0 none\"\/>\n<p class=\"g2\" style=\"line-height:20px;\">Solu\u00e7\u00e3o elaborada pelos <strong>Moderadores do Blog<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Problema (Indicado a partir do 1\u00ba ano do E. M.) Considere os seguintes subconjuntos de [tex]\\mathbb{R}:[\/tex] [tex]\\qquad A\\ =\\ \\{a\\,\\, |\\,\\, a=2n-1, \\,\\, n\\,\\, \\in\\,\\, \\mathbb{Z} \\}[\/tex] [tex]\\qquad B=\\ \\{b\\,\\, |\\,\\, b \\,\\, \u00e9\\,\\, n\u00famero\\,\\, natural \\,\\, e \\,\\, primo\\}[\/tex] [tex]\\qquad C=\\left\\{ c\\,\\, | \\,\\, c=\\frac{p}{q},\\,\\, p,\\,\\, \\,\\, q \\,\\, \\in\\ \\mathbb{Z},\\,\\, q\\neq 0, \\,\\, &hellip; <\/p>\n<p><a class=\"more-link btn\" href=\"https:\/\/clubes.obmep.org.br\/blog\/problema-subconjuntos-de-texmathbbrtex\/\">Continue lendo<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":620,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"template-onecolumn.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-105294","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","nodate","item-wrap"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/clubes.obmep.org.br\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/105294","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/clubes.obmep.org.br\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/clubes.obmep.org.br\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/clubes.obmep.org.br\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/620"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/clubes.obmep.org.br\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=105294"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"https:\/\/clubes.obmep.org.br\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/105294\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":188423,"href":"https:\/\/clubes.obmep.org.br\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/105294\/revisions\/188423"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/clubes.obmep.org.br\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=105294"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}